ارزیابی و پایش کیفی آب‌های سطحی و زیرزمینی منطقة معدنی مس چهارگنبد، تحت تأثیر سد باطله

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه پژوهشی محیط زیست، پژوهشگاه علوم و تکنولوژی پیشرفته و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه تحصیلات تکمیلی صنعتی و فناوری پیشرفته، کرمان، ایران

2 گروه پژوهشی اکولوژی، پژوهشگاه علوم و تکنولوژی پیشرفته و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه تحصیلات تکمیلی صنعتی و فناوری پیشرفته، کرمان، ایران

3 اداره کل حفاظت محیط زیست استان کرمان، کرمان، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور تاثیر احتمالی نشت سد باطله معدن مس چهارگنبد بر منابع آبی محدودة سد، مطالعات کیفی آب‌های سطحی و زیرزمینی، در دو فصل خشک و تر انجام شد. تعداد 10 نمونه آب، از بخش‌های مختلف محدودة سد باطله به‌منظور آنالیزهای کیفی آب از جمله ویلکاکس و شولر و همچنین با استفاده از نرم‌افزار Arc GIS، نمودارهای مربوطه مورد تفسیر قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که آب آشامیدنی و کشاورزی در منطقه، در حد استانداردهای جهانی زیست‌محیطی می‌باشد. میزان کلراید در آب زهکش سد باطله mg/l 499  به‌دست آمد که 99 واحد از میزان استاندارد تعریف شده شرب ایران (400mg/l) و 149 واحد از میزان استاندارد کشاورزی (mg/l 350) بیشتر شده است. همچنین، نتایج نشان داد میزان منیزیم در فصل خشک نسبت به فصل تر افزایش نسبی داشته است، که مقادیر بالای منیزیم نسبت به کلسیم آب در سامانة آبیاری روی کیفیت خاک تأثیر منفی گذاشته و خاک را به‌سمت قلیایی شدن پیش می‌برد. مولیبدن در نمونه‌های مربوط به سد در هر دو فصل تر و خشک از میزان استاندارد مصارف کشاورزی (10mg/l) بالاتر می‌باشد، که این افزایش در فصل خشک نمایان‌تر می باشد. مقادیر بی‌کربنات در فصل خشک نسبت به فصل تر افزایش محسوس‌تری نشان داد، که میزان این پارامتر در آب ورودی به کارخانه، رودخانه‌های اطراف و آب زهکش بیش از حد استاندارد کشاورزی به‌دست آمد. بنابراین پیشنهاد می‌شود، تعداد 23 چاه مشاهده‌ای به عمق حداکثر 50 متر به‌عنوان چاه پایش درجة 1 در اطراف سد باطله معدن مس چهار گنبد حفر گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment and quality monitoring of surface-groundwater water in Chahar Gonbad copper mining area, affected by tailings dam

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Morteza Moosavirad 1
  • Mahboob Saffari 1
  • Mohammad Javad Hassani 2
  • Marjan Shakeri 3
  • Najmeh Nazari 3

1 Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran

2 Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran

3 Environmental Protection Organisation, Kerman Province, Kerman, Iran

چکیده [English]

In order to influence the possible leakage of Chahar Gonbad copper tailings dam on water resources in the dam area, surface and groundwater quality studies were performed in two seasons, dry and wet. Some 10 water samples from different parts of the tailings dam area were evaluated for water quality analysis including Wilcox and Schuler. The results showed that the drinking and agricultural water samples in the region is in line with global environmental standards. The amount of chloride in the drainage water of the tailings dam was 499 mg / l, which is 99 units higher than the defined standard of Iranian drinking (400 mg / l) and 149 units higher than the standard agricultural level (350 mg / l). Also, the results showed that the amount of magnesium in the dry season compared to the wet season has a relative increase. That high amounts of magnesium compared to calcium in water in the irrigation system have a negative effect on soil quality and lead the soil to alkalinity. Molybdenum in tailings dam samples in both wet and dry seasons is higher than the standard level of agricultural use (10 mg / l), which is more evident in the dry season. The high concentration of molybdenum in waste samples is due to the proper mobility of this element in oxidative-acidic conditions. The amount of bicarbonate in the dry season increased more significantly than in the wet season. This increase can be due to the increasing temperature, pH and increase in water alkalinity, the source of those river bed rocks that with increasing water volume in the dry season has increased the concentration of these salts. Based on the results, it is suggested that 23 observation wells with a maximum depth of 50 meters be dug as monitoring grade 1 around the tailings dam of Chahar Gonbad copper mine.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Tailings dam
  • Surface water and Groundwater
  • Heavy metal concentration
  • Chahar Gonbad copper mine
Ayers, R.S., Westcot, D.W., 1994. Water quality for agriculture- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper, 29 Rev. Ed.
Barzegar, R., Asghari Moghadam, A., Kazemian, N., 2015. Assessment of heavy metals concentrations with emphasis on arsenic in the Tabriz plain aquifers, Iran. Environmental Earth Science 74, 297-313.
Bodrud-Doza, M., Bhuiyan, M.A., Didar-Ul Islam, S.M., Quraishi, S.B., Muhib, M.I., Rakib, M.A., Rahman, M.S., 2019. Delineation of trace metals contamination in groundwater using geostatistical techniques: a study on Dhaka City of Bangladesh. Groundwater for Sustainable Development 9, 100212.
Dahiya, S., Singh, B., Gaur, S., Garg, V. K., Kushwaha, H. S., 2007. Analysis of groundwater quality using fuzzy synthetic evaluation. Journal of Hazardous Materials 147(3), 938-946.
Davies, M.P., Rice, S., 2004. An alternative to conventional tailings management: dry stack filtered tailings, Proceedings of Eighth International Conference on Tailings and Mine Waste, Vail, USA, 10–13 October, pp: 411-422.
Deputy of Human Environment-Office of Environmental Protection and Management of Water and Soil. Instruction of Groundwater Pollution Monitoring for Reservoirs and Waste Dams. pp: 31. (In Persian)
Ehya, F., Marbouti, Z., 2018. Groundwater quality assessment and its suitability for agricultural purposes in
the Behbahan Plain, SW Iran. Water Practice and Technology 13(1), 62-78.
Jarrahi, N., Ardalan, M. M. and Amiri, N. A. 2013. Effect of bicarbonate of irrigation water on absorption of some of micro elements and leaf chlorophyll of some citrus rootstocks in hydroponic culture. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences 6(7), 389-395.
Liu, C. Q., Han, G., 2004. Water geochemistry controlled by carbonate dissolution: a study of the river waters draining karst-dominated terrain, Guizhou Province, China. Chemical Geology 204, 1-21.
Mrejen, M., Perelman, J., Machado, D.C., 2020. Environmental disasters and birth outcomes: impact of a tailings dam breakage in Brazil. Social Science & Medicine 250,112868.
Norvell, W.A., Wu, J., Hopkings, D.G., Welch, R.M., 2000. Association of cadmium in durum wheat grain with soil chloride and chelate-extractable soil cadmium. Soil Science Society of America Journal 64(6), 2162-2168.
Ouyang, J.F., Liu, Z.R., Zhang, L., Wang, Y., Zhou, L.M., 2020. Analysis of influencing factors of heavy metals pollution in farmland-rice system around a uranium tailings dam. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 139, 124-132.
Parandoush, K., Atapour, H., Riseh, M. A., 2019. Geochemical signatures of waste rocks around Sarcheshmeh porphyry copper mine dumps, southeastern Iran: Implications for exploration, economic by-products and the environment. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 199, 31-52.
Pawar, N.J., Shaikh, I.J., 1995. Nitrate pollution of groundwater from shallow basaltic aquifer. Deccan Trap Hydrologic Province India. Geo 25, 197-204. 
Ravikumar, P., 2010. Hydrochemistry and evaluation of groundwater suitability for irrigation and drinking purposes in the Markandeya River basin, Belgaum District, Karnataka State, India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 173, 459-487.
Rice, E.W., Baird, R.B., Eaton, A.D., 2012. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 22th edition. American Public Health Association (APHA), American Water Works Association (AWWA), Water Environment Federation. 320 p.
Rzymski, P., Klimaszyk, P., Marszelewski, W., Borowiak, D., Mleczek, M., Nowiński, K., Pius, B., Niedzielski, P., Poniedziałek, B., 2017. The chemistry and toxicity of discharge waters from copper mine tailing impoundment in the valley of the Apuseni Mountains in Romani. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24, 21445- 21458.
Saffari, M., Moosavirad, S.M., Hassani, M.J., Ghazanfari-Moghadam, M.S, Shakeri, M., Nazari, M., 2021. Investigation of Quantitative Status and Pollution Indices of Some Pollutants in Surface Soils as Affected by Tailings Dam (Case study): Chahar Gonbad copper mine. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research 52, 421-437. (In Persian)
Schwartz, F.W., Zhang, H., 2003. Fundamentals of Ground Water: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 275 p.
Schoeller, H., 1964. La classification geochimique des eaux. LASH Publication no. 64, Gen. Assembly of Berkeley. 4, 16-24.
Shahhosseini, M., Ardejani, F. D., Amini, M., Ebrahimi, L., Poorkani, A. M., 2019. Environmental geochemistry of As and Pb in a copper low-grade dump, Miduk copper mine, Kerman province, SE Iran. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 198, 54-70.
Shayestehfar, M.R., Karimi Nasab, S., Mohammadalizadeh, H., 2007. Mineralogy, petrology, and chemistry studies to evaluate oxide copper ores for heap leaching in Sarcheshmeh copper mine, Kerman, Iran. Journal of Hazardous Materials 154, 602-612
SilvaFilho, V., SobralBarcellos, G., Emblanch, C., Blavoux, B., MariaSella, S., Daniel, M., Simler, R., Cesar Wasserman, J., 2009. Groundwater chemical characterization of a Rio de Janeiro coastal aquifer SE Brazil. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 27, 100-108.
Srinivasamoorthy, V., 2013. Hydrochemical characterization and quality appraisal of groundwater from Pungar sub basin, Tamilnadu, India. Journal of King Saud University 26(1), 37-52.
Steeg, P.F.ter., Hanson, P.J., Paerl, H.W., 1986. Growth-limiting quantities and accumulation of molybdenum in Anabaena oscillarioides (Cyanobacteria). Hydrobiologia 140, 143-147.
Todd, D.K., 2005. Groundwater hydrology. 3rd New York: John Wiley and Sons. 656 p.
Vaezi-hir, A., Jowdat Saidabad, Y., 2017. Probably Contamination Seepage Through Abutment of the Tailing Dam of Sungun Cu-Mo Mine Using of Geotechnical Characteristics and Groundwater Hydrogeochemical Evidences. Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering 47(3), 105-113. (In Persian)
Wilcox, L.V., 1955. Classification and use of irrigation waters. USDA Circ. 969, Washington, DC.
Yuval, D., Oldenburg, W., 1996, DC resistivity and IP methods in acid mine drainage problems: results from the Copper Cliff mine tailings impoundments, Journal of Applied Geophysics 34(3), 187-198.
Zhang, X.C., Norton., L.D., 2002. Effect of exchangeable Mg on saturated hydraulic conductivity, disaggregation and clay dispersion of disturbed soils. Journal of Hydrology 260, 194-205.