بررسی برخی ویژگی‌های ریخت‌شناختی و فیزیولوژیک چهار رقم انگور (Vitis vinifera L.) در شرایط تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری پژوهشکدۀ ملی انگور و کشمش دانشگاه ملایر

2 استادیار، گروه فضای سبز، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی دانشگاه ملایر

3 استاد، گروه باغبانی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی، همدان

4 استادیار، گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ علوم دانشگاه ملایر

چکیده

تنش کم‌آبی از مهم­ترین محدودیت­های تولید محصولات کشاورزی در جهان و کشور  ایران است.  آگاهی از سازوکار واکنش رقم‌های انگور در تنش خشکی می­تواند تاکداران و پژوهشگران را در انتخاب رقم مناسب برای کشت و تعیین نژادگان (ژنوتیپ)­های انتخابی برای برنامه­های بهنژادی یاری کند. به همین منظور پژوهشی به‌صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایۀ طرح کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال­های 1395-1394 در شرایط گلخانه­ای برای بررسی تأثیر تغییرپذیری پتانسیل آب خاک بر صفات فیزیولوژیکی و ریخت‌شناختی (مورفولوژیکی) چهار رقم انگور بومی و غیربومی انجام شد. تیمار­­ها شامل چهار رقم انگور (عسکری، خلیلی، چفته و پرلت) و سه سطح تنش خشکی شامل پتانسیل آب خاک در محدودۀ 2/0- (شاهد)، 7/0- و 2/1- مگاپاسکال بودند. صفات اندازه­گیری‌شده شامل نسبت وزن خشک به سطح برگ (LMA)، میزان پایداری غشای یاخته‌ای، سبزینه (کلروفیل)، پرولین، پروتئین کل، کربوهیدرات­های محلول، محتوای نسبی آب برگ (RWC)، میزان مالون دی آلدئید (MDA)، فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز (CAT) و پراکسیداز (POX) بود. بنا بر نتایج این پژوهش همۀ سطوح تنش و نوع رقم در سطح 1 درصد تأثیر معنی­داری بر صفات اندازه­گیری‌شده داشتند. با افزایش سطح تنش، پرولین (21 تا 38 درصد)، مالون دی آلدئید (50 تا 70 درصد)، کربوهیدرات­های محلول (55 درصد)، فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز (37 تا 54 درصد) و پراکسیداز (13 تا 17 درصد) افزایش یافت و محتوای آب نسبی برگ (6/5 درصد) و پروتئین­های محلول کل (19 تا 39 درصد) کاهش پیدا کرد. به‌طورکلی نتایج نشان داد، رقم‌های چفته و خلیلی پتانسیل بالاتری برای تحمل شرایط تنش خشکی را نسبت به رقم‌های پرلت و عسکری داشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of some morphological and physiological traits of four varieties grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) under water stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Wahab Asadi 1
  • Mousa Rasouli 2
  • Mansour Gholami 3
  • Masoumeh Maleki 4
1 Ph. D. Candidate, Iranian Research Institute in Grape and Raisin, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
3 Professor, Depatment of Horticultural Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Biology Science, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
چکیده [English]

Drought stress is one of the major limits of agricultural production in the world as well as Iran. Knowledge of the mechanism of action in different varieties and genotypes of grape in drought stress can help farmers in the selection of suitable varieties for cultivation and researchers to determine the candidate genotypes for breeding programs. For this purpose, research by factorial arrangement in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications in greenhouse conditions in 2015-2016 were carried out to study the effect of soil water potential changes in some physiological and morphological traits of four varieties of domestic and foreign grapes. The treatments includes four varieties of grapes (Askari, Khalili, Chafteh and Perlette) and three levels of drought stress (-0.2, -0.7 and -1.2 M Pa). In this experiment effect of water potential changes in some physiological and morphological traits of four varieties of domestic and foreign grapes were studied. Measured traits were LMA (Leaf Mass Area), cell membrane stability index, chlorophyll, proline, total protein, soluble carbohydrates, RWC (Relative Water Content), malondialdehyde levels, activity of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX). Base on the results of this study, all drought stress levels and varieties have significant effect on measured traits at 1% level. By increasing drought stress, proline (21- 38%), MDA (50-70%), soluble carbohydrates (55%), activity of CAT (37-54%), and POX (13-17%) increased, but RWC (5.6%) and total soluble protein (19-39%) decreased. In general, the results showed that the varieties of Chafteh and Khalili have the higher potential to tolerate drought stress conditions compared with Askari and Perlette.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antioxidant Enzymes
  • Drought stress
  • leaf mass area malondialdehyde
  • Membrane stability index

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 17 تیر 1396
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 27 مرداد 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 11 شهریور 1396

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