ارزیابی ردپای آب و کارایی مصرف آب در محصول برنج در راستای پایداری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

اهداف: برنج پس از گندم مهمترین نقش را در تغذیه انسان دارد. علیرغم اهمیت حیاتی کشت آن، مصرف بالای آب و بحران کمبود آب، پایداری کشت این غله را با مشکلات زیادی روبه رو کرده است. از این‌رو، هدف از انجام این مطالعه بررسی ردپای آب برنج و کارایی مصرف آب در بین استان‌های کشور به منظور حرکت به سمت پایداری کشت می-باشد.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه، به منظور محاسبه کارایی مصرف آب در تولید برنج از شاخص ردپای آب استفاده شد. برای این منظور ابتدا اجزای ردپای آب برای استان‌های کشور محاسبه و سپس کارایی مصرف آب محاسبه شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج محاسبه ردپای آب نشان داد که کمترین ردپای آب آبی مربوط به استان‌های مازندران و گیلان و بیشترین ردپای آب آبی مربوط به استان‌های خراسان جنوبی و سیستان و بلوچستان می‌باشد. همچنین بیشترین و کمترین مقدار ردپای آب سبز به‌ترتیب مربوط به استان‌ گیلان و خراسان جنوبی می‌باشد. نتایج محاسبه کارایی مصرف آب نشان داد که استان‌های مازندران (511/0) و گیلان (422/0) بالاترین کارایی و استان‌های خراسان جنوبی (135/0) و سیستان بلوچستان (171/0) کمترین کارایی را در مصرف آب دارند.
نتیجه‌گیری: با مقایسه اجزای سازنده ردپای آب در بین استان‌های کشور مشاهده می شود که سهم ردپای آب آبی، خاکستری و سبز از کل ردپای آب به ترتیب بین 53-45 درصد، 25-6 درصد و 15-0 درصد است. همچنین کل ردپای آب کشور در دامنه 1958 و 2758 مترمکعب بر تن بدست آمد. بنابراین ضروری است کشت برنج در استان‌های با نیاز آبی بالا متوقف شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of water footprint and water use efficiency in rice crop for sustainability

نویسندگان [English]

  • Azar SheikhZeinoddin
  • Hamed Ghiyasi
Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Objectives: After wheat, rice has the most important role in human nutrition. Despite the vital importance of its cultivation, high water consumption and water shortage crisis, the sustainability of the cultivation of this grain has faced many problems. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the water footprint and water use efficiency of rice among the provinces in order to move towards crop sustainability.
Methods & Materials: In this study, water footprint index was used to calculate water use efficiency in rice production. For this purpose, first the water footprint components for the provinces of the country were calculated and then the water use efficiency was calculated.
Results: The results of calculating water footprint showed that the lowest water footprint is related to Mazandaran and Gilan provinces and the highest water footprint is related to South Khorasan and Sistan & Baluchestan provinces. Also, the highest and lowest amount of green water footprint is related to Gilan and South Khorasan province, respectively. The results of water use efficiency calculation showed that Mazandaran (0.511) and Gilan (0.422) had the highest efficiency and South Khorasan (0.135) and Sistan & Baluchestan (0.171) had the lowest efficiency.
Conclusion: By comparing the water footprint components among the provinces of the country, it is cleared that the ratio of blue, green and grey water footprint in total water footprint is 45-53%, 6-25% and 0-15%, respectively. Also, the total water footprint of the country was obtained in the range of 1958 and 2758 m3 per ton.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Rice
  • Blue Water Footprint
  • Green Water Footprint
  • Grey Water Footprint
  • Water Use Efficiency
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