Journal of Epidemiology
Online ISSN : 1349-9092
Print ISSN : 0917-5040
ISSN-L : 0917-5040
Original Article
Electronic Cigarette Use in 12 European Countries: Results From the TackSHS Survey
Silvano Gallus, Alessandra Lugo, Chiara Stival, Sonia Cerrai, Luke Clancy, Filippos T. Filippidis, Giuseppe Gorini, Maria José Lopez, Ángel López-Nicolás, Sabrina Molinaro, Anna Odone, Joan B. Soriano, Olena Tigova, Piet A. van den Brandt, Constantine I. Vardavas, Esteve Fernandez, the TackSHS Project Investigators
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Keywords: electronic cigarettes, ENDS, nicotine, cross-sectional study, Europe
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
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2023 Volume 33 Issue 6 Pages 276-284

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Abstract

Background: Limited data on electronic cigarette prevalence, patterns, and settings of use are available from several European countries.

Methods: Within the TackSHS project, a face-to-face survey was conducted in 2017–2018 in 12 European countries (Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Portugal, Romania and Spain). Overall, 11,876 participants, representative of the population aged ⩾15 years in each country, provided information on electronic cigarette.

Results: 2.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2–2.7%) of the subjects (2.5% among men and 2.4% among women; 0.4% among never, 4.4% among current- and 6.5% among ex-smokers) reported current use of electronic cigarette, ranging from 0.6% in Spain to 7.2% in England. Of the 272 electronic cigarette users, 52.6% were dual users (ie, users of both electronic and conventional cigarettes) and 58.8% used liquids with nicotine. In all, 65.1% reported using electronic cigarette in at least one indoor setting where smoking is forbidden; in particular, at workplaces (34.9%) and bars and restaurants (41.5%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that electronic cigarette use was lower among older individuals (P for trend <0.001) and higher among individuals with high level of education (P for trend = 0.040). Participants from countries with higher tobacco cigarette prices more frequently reported electronic cigarette use (odds ratio 3.62; 95% CI, 1.80–7.30).

Conclusion: Considering the whole adult population of these 12 European countries, more than 8.3 million people use electronic cigarettes. The majority of users also smoked conventional cigarettes, used electronic cigarettes with nicotine, and consumed electronic cigarettes in smoke-free indoor areas.

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© 2021 Silvano Gallus et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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