Abstract
To investigate the association between Korean red ginseng (KRG) intake in HIV-1 infected patients and the occurrence of grossly deleted nef genes (gΔnef), we characterized nef genes in 10 long-term slow progressors (LTSP) infected with HIV-1 subtype B and 34 control patients. LTSP was defined by the annual decrease in CD4 T cells being less than 20/μl over 10 years in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. They were treated with KRG for a prolonged period. Nef genes were amplified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using nested PCR and the products were sequenced directly. It was observed that the patients CD4 T cell counts decreased from 444 ± 207/μl to 294 ± 177/μl over 136 ± 23 months of KRG intake. This corresponds to an annual decrease in the level of CD4 T cells of 13.3/μl. A total of 479 nef genes were amplified from 137 PBMC samples. Nine out of the 10 patients, 47 (34.3 %) out of the 137 samples, and 90 out of the 479 genes revealed gΔnef. The deletion extended outside the nef gene in 25 gΔnef obtained from 6 patients. The proportion of samples with gΔnef (34.3 %) was significantly higher than 4.8 % in control patients (P < 0.001). In addition, it significantly increased as the duration of KRG intake prolongs (P < 0.01). These data suggest that the occurrence of g nef might be associated with long-term intake of KRG.
Keywords: Korean red ginseng, HIV-1 subtype B, long-term slow progressor, Grossly deleted nef
Current HIV Research
Title: High Frequency of Grossly Deleted nef Genes in HIV-1 Infected Long-Term Slow Progressors Treated with Korean Red Ginseng
Volume: 4 Issue: 4
Author(s): Heungsup Sung, Hee J. Lee, Ji Y. Lim, You S. Jung, Sun K. Oh, Young K. Cho, Ji Y. Lim, You S. Jung, Sun K. Oh and Hee J. Lee
Affiliation:
Keywords: Korean red ginseng, HIV-1 subtype B, long-term slow progressor, Grossly deleted nef
Abstract: To investigate the association between Korean red ginseng (KRG) intake in HIV-1 infected patients and the occurrence of grossly deleted nef genes (gΔnef), we characterized nef genes in 10 long-term slow progressors (LTSP) infected with HIV-1 subtype B and 34 control patients. LTSP was defined by the annual decrease in CD4 T cells being less than 20/μl over 10 years in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. They were treated with KRG for a prolonged period. Nef genes were amplified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using nested PCR and the products were sequenced directly. It was observed that the patients CD4 T cell counts decreased from 444 ± 207/μl to 294 ± 177/μl over 136 ± 23 months of KRG intake. This corresponds to an annual decrease in the level of CD4 T cells of 13.3/μl. A total of 479 nef genes were amplified from 137 PBMC samples. Nine out of the 10 patients, 47 (34.3 %) out of the 137 samples, and 90 out of the 479 genes revealed gΔnef. The deletion extended outside the nef gene in 25 gΔnef obtained from 6 patients. The proportion of samples with gΔnef (34.3 %) was significantly higher than 4.8 % in control patients (P < 0.001). In addition, it significantly increased as the duration of KRG intake prolongs (P < 0.01). These data suggest that the occurrence of g nef might be associated with long-term intake of KRG.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Sung Heungsup, Lee J. Hee, Lim Y. Ji, Jung S. You, Oh K. Sun, K. Cho Young, Y. Lim Ji, S. Jung You, K. Oh Sun and J. Lee Hee, High Frequency of Grossly Deleted nef Genes in HIV-1 Infected Long-Term Slow Progressors Treated with Korean Red Ginseng, Current HIV Research 2006; 4 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016206778560072
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016206778560072 |
Print ISSN 1570-162X |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4251 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Management of HIV: Management of HIV: old challenges and new needs
The aim of this thematic issue is to provide the most recent updates regarding the effective management of HIV infection. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly decreased HIV-related mortality, leading to an enhancement in the quality of life and life expectancy for people living with HIV (PLWH). Despite the numerous advancements ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
The Regulatory Role of Rho GTPases and their Substrates in Osteoclastogenesis
Current Drug Targets Current Status Of Short Synthetic Peptides As Vaccines
Medicinal Chemistry Influence of Two Cyclodextrin HP-derivatives on Retention and Migration Distance of Some Isomers in High- Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography and Pressurized Planar Electrochromatography Systems with Non-polar Adsorbents
Current Analytical Chemistry Anti-cancer Effects of Metformin: Recent Evidences for its Role in Prevention and Treatment of Cancer
Current Drug Metabolism Panic and the Brainstem: Clues from Neuroimaging Studies
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Urinary Tract Infection. Why Do Some Children Get Complications, While Others Dont?
Current Pediatric Reviews Specific Antidotes in Development for Reversal of Novel Anticoagulants: A Review
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Insights into the Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes A Hint for Novel Immunospecific Therapies
Current Molecular Medicine Protein Interface Pharmacophore Mapping Tools for Small Molecule Protein: Protein Interaction Inhibitor Discovery
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Fibroblast Growth Factors/Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors as Targets for the Development of Anti-Angiogenesis Strategies
Current Pharmaceutical Design Interleukin-7 Biology in HIV Disease and the Path to Immune Reconstitution
Current HIV Research Role of Endogenous Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor Following Stroke and Relationship to Neurological Outcome
Current Neurovascular Research The AMP-Activated Protein Kinase: Role in Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Metabolism and Insulin Sensitivity
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteomes: From Neural Development to Neurodegenerative Diseases
Current Proteomics Therapeutic Proteins: A to Z
Protein & Peptide Letters Acknowledgements to Reviewers
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Recent Trends in Targeted Anticancer Prodrug and Conjugate Design
Current Medicinal Chemistry Role of Lipid Rafts/Caveolae in the Anticancer Effect of Endocannabinoids
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Cubic Phases, Cubosomes and Ethosomes for Cutaneous Application
Current Pharmaceutical Design Prevention of Colitis-associated Cancer: Natural Compounds that Target the IL-6 Soluble Receptor
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry