Abstract
Alzheimer’s dis ease (AD) is a leading cause of mortality in the developed world with 70% risk attributable to genetics. The remaining 30% of AD risk is hypothesized to include environmental factors and human lifestyle patterns. Environmental factors possibly include inorganic and organic hazards, exposure to toxic metals (aluminium, copper), pesticides (organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides), industrial chemicals (flame retardants) and air pollutants (particulate matter). Long term exposures to these environmental contaminants together with bioaccumulation over an individual’s life-time are speculated to induce neuroinflammation and neuropathology paving the way for developing AD. Epidemiologic associations between environmental contaminant exposures and AD are still limited. However, many in vitro and animal studies have identified toxic effects of environmental contaminants at the cellular level, revealing alterations of pathways and metabolisms associated with AD that warrant further investigations. This review provides an overview of in vitro, animal and epidemiological studies on the etiology of AD, highlighting available data supportive of the long hypothesized link between toxic environmental exposures and development of AD pathology.
Keywords: Adult-onset disease, Alzheimer’s disease, endocrine disruptors, environmental contaminants, metals, neuropathology, Parkinson's disease, pesticides, synergistic effects, toxins.
Current Alzheimer Research
Title:Role of Environmental Contaminants in the Etiology of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review
Volume: 12 Issue: 2
Author(s): Manivannan Yegambaram, Bhagyashree Manivannan, Thomas G. Beach and Rolf U. Halden
Affiliation:
Keywords: Adult-onset disease, Alzheimer’s disease, endocrine disruptors, environmental contaminants, metals, neuropathology, Parkinson's disease, pesticides, synergistic effects, toxins.
Abstract: Alzheimer’s dis ease (AD) is a leading cause of mortality in the developed world with 70% risk attributable to genetics. The remaining 30% of AD risk is hypothesized to include environmental factors and human lifestyle patterns. Environmental factors possibly include inorganic and organic hazards, exposure to toxic metals (aluminium, copper), pesticides (organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides), industrial chemicals (flame retardants) and air pollutants (particulate matter). Long term exposures to these environmental contaminants together with bioaccumulation over an individual’s life-time are speculated to induce neuroinflammation and neuropathology paving the way for developing AD. Epidemiologic associations between environmental contaminant exposures and AD are still limited. However, many in vitro and animal studies have identified toxic effects of environmental contaminants at the cellular level, revealing alterations of pathways and metabolisms associated with AD that warrant further investigations. This review provides an overview of in vitro, animal and epidemiological studies on the etiology of AD, highlighting available data supportive of the long hypothesized link between toxic environmental exposures and development of AD pathology.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Yegambaram Manivannan, Manivannan Bhagyashree, Beach G. Thomas and Halden U. Rolf, Role of Environmental Contaminants in the Etiology of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review, Current Alzheimer Research 2015; 12 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205012666150204121719
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205012666150204121719 |
Print ISSN 1567-2050 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5828 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
New Advances in the Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation of Alzheimer's Disease
Aims and Scope: Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing prevalence that demands concerted efforts to advance our understanding and strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. This thematic issue aims to bring together cutting-edge research and innovative approaches from multidisciplinary perspectives to address ...read more
Current updates on the Role of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Neuroinflammation is an invariable hallmark of chronic and acute neurodegenerative disorders and has long been considered a potential drug target for Alzheimer?s disease (AD) and dementia. Significant evidence of inflammatory processes as a feature of AD is provided by the presence of inflammatory markers in plasma, CSF and postmortem brain ...read more
Deep Learning for Advancing Alzheimer's Disease Research
Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing number of individuals affected yearly. Deep learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence, has shown immense potential in various domains, including healthcare. This thematic issue of Current Alzheimer Research explores the application of deep learning techniques in advancing our ...read more
Diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers of dementia
Dementia affects 18 million people worldwide. Dementia is a syndrome of symptoms caused by brain disease, usually chronic or progressive, clinically characterized by multiple impairments of higher cortical functions such as memory, thinking, orientation, and learning. In addition, in the course of dementia, cognitive deficits are observed, which often hinder ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
The Functions of F-box Proteins in Regulating the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition
Current Pharmaceutical Design Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants used to Treat Cardiovascular Disorders in Ghasemloo Valley of Urmia City
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Nitric Oxide and Dietary Factors: Part III Minerals, Vitamins and Other Dietary and Lifestyle Factors
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Phytotherapy and NAFLD - from Goals and Challenges to Clinical Practice
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials Molecular Targets for Nutritional Preemption of Cancer
Current Cancer Drug Targets Principles of Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy
Current Medical Imaging Cell-penetrating Peptide-mediated Nanovaccine Delivery
Current Drug Targets Serum HSP90-Alpha and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Prospective Biomarker
Protein & Peptide Letters The Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Autophagy in the Treatment of Cancer
Current Cancer Drug Targets Nuclear Imaging of Hormonal Receptor Status in Breast Cancer: A Tool for Guiding Endocrine Treatment and Drug Development
Current Cancer Drug Targets Diagnosis and Management of Lynch Syndrome
Recent Patents on Regenerative Medicine Association of Viruses in the Development of Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Therapeutic Challenges in Neuroendocrine Tumors
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Radiopharmaceutical: Revolutionary Agents for Diagnosis
Current Radiopharmaceuticals Clinical Pharmacogenetics and Potential Application in Personalized Medicine
Current Drug Metabolism Human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1 (hENT1) Levels Predict Response to Gemcitabine in Patients With Biliary Tract Cancer (BTC)
Current Cancer Drug Targets Phytoestrogens in Postmenopause: The State of the Art from a Chemical, Pharmacological and Regulatory Perspective
Current Medicinal Chemistry Promising Gene Therapy Using an Adenovirus Vector Carrying REIC/Dkk-3 Gene for the Treatment of Biliary Cancer
Current Gene Therapy MALAT1 Promotes Tumorigenesis and Increases Cellular Sensitivity to Herceptin in HER2-positive Breast Cancer
Current Cancer Drug Targets Pyrimidine Nucleosides in Molecular PET Imaging of Tumor Proliferation
Current Medicinal Chemistry