Abstract
The central cholinergic system and muscarinic cholinergic receptor (mR) activation have long been associated with cognitive function. And degeneration of the cholinergic basal forebrain (CBF) neurons is a pronounced hallmark of Alzheimers Disease (AD). However, CBF immunolesions as animal models of AD cholinergic degeneration have not replicated the robust memory deficits of nonselective excitotoxic lesions. The less studied cholinergic projections to the amygdala, which are affected in AD but unaffected by immunolesions, may be more important in memory storage than previously suspected. The sparing of these amygdalopetal projections may help explain the dissociation between excitotoxic and immunotoxic CBF lesions. The CBF projections to cortex have since been shown to be important for attentional processes, which may contribute indirectly to memory. Nonetheless, there are conditions under which their selective ablation produces clear memory deficits. For example, memory enhancement induced by posttraining basolateral amygdalar activation is ineffective when corticopetal cholinergic projections are lesioned. Moreover, posttraining cholinergic agonism enhances long-term memory. Such findings suggest that cholinergic innervation of the cortex may be particularly important during modulation of memory storage for stressful and / or arousing events. In concordance, mR agonism facilitates neuronal plasticity and can induce expression of memory-associated immediate early genes. The present article reviews the behavior, physiology and inducible genetic expression literatures which together suggest that the early CBF lesion data were not a red herring but rather that CBF projections not only to cortex but also to the amygdala may in fact have important neuromodulatory functions in memory consolidation processes.
Keywords: acetylcholine, nucleus basalis magnocellularis, basal forebrain, limbic
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Muscarinic Cholinergic Contribution to Memory Consolidation: With Attention to Involvement of the Basolateral Amygdala
Volume: 11 Issue: 8
Author(s): A. E. Power
Affiliation:
Keywords: acetylcholine, nucleus basalis magnocellularis, basal forebrain, limbic
Abstract: The central cholinergic system and muscarinic cholinergic receptor (mR) activation have long been associated with cognitive function. And degeneration of the cholinergic basal forebrain (CBF) neurons is a pronounced hallmark of Alzheimers Disease (AD). However, CBF immunolesions as animal models of AD cholinergic degeneration have not replicated the robust memory deficits of nonselective excitotoxic lesions. The less studied cholinergic projections to the amygdala, which are affected in AD but unaffected by immunolesions, may be more important in memory storage than previously suspected. The sparing of these amygdalopetal projections may help explain the dissociation between excitotoxic and immunotoxic CBF lesions. The CBF projections to cortex have since been shown to be important for attentional processes, which may contribute indirectly to memory. Nonetheless, there are conditions under which their selective ablation produces clear memory deficits. For example, memory enhancement induced by posttraining basolateral amygdalar activation is ineffective when corticopetal cholinergic projections are lesioned. Moreover, posttraining cholinergic agonism enhances long-term memory. Such findings suggest that cholinergic innervation of the cortex may be particularly important during modulation of memory storage for stressful and / or arousing events. In concordance, mR agonism facilitates neuronal plasticity and can induce expression of memory-associated immediate early genes. The present article reviews the behavior, physiology and inducible genetic expression literatures which together suggest that the early CBF lesion data were not a red herring but rather that CBF projections not only to cortex but also to the amygdala may in fact have important neuromodulatory functions in memory consolidation processes.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Power E. A., Muscarinic Cholinergic Contribution to Memory Consolidation: With Attention to Involvement of the Basolateral Amygdala, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2004; 11 (8) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867043455558
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867043455558 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Current Development in Encapsulated Cell Therapy for Degenerative Retinopathies
Current Tissue Engineering (Discontinued) Evaluation of Audiometric Thresholds and Speech Perception Sentence Test in Adults and Elderly After Cochlear Implantation
Current Aging Science The 5-HT1B Receptor: A Novel Target for the Pathophysiology of Depression
Current Drug Targets Doing the Puzzle of Steroid Hormone Action: Biological Functions, Physiological and Clinical Significance of Plasma Membrane-Residing Glucocorticoid Recognizing Proteins
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Is Ecto-nucleoside Triphosphate Diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase)-based Therapy of Central Nervous System Disorders Possible?
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Visuospatial Memory in Healthy Elderly, AD and MCI: A Review
Current Aging Science The Perfect Storm: The High Prevalence Low Severity Outcomes of the Preterm Survivors
Current Pediatric Reviews Subject Index to Volume 3
Current Drug Targets - CNS & Neurological Disorders Advances in Zebrafish High Content and High Throughput Technologies
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Biophysical Modeling and Associated Signal Modeling in Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (Discontinued) Pharmacology of Ultrasonic Vocalizations in adult Rats: Significance, Call Classification and Neural Substrate
Current Neuropharmacology Stem Cell Therapy for Alzheimers Disease
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Sex, Stress and their Influence on Respiratory Regulation
Current Pharmaceutical Design Recent Patents on Epilepsy Genetics
Recent Patents on DNA & Gene Sequences Interactions of Cisplatin with non-DNA Targets and their Influence on Anticancer Activity and Drug Toxicity: The Complex World of the Platinum Complex
Current Cancer Drug Targets An <i>OTOF</i> Frameshift Variant Associated with Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder
Current Genomics New Insights into the Pathogenesis of Fibromyalgia Syndrome: Important Role of Peripheral and Central Pain Mechanisms
Current Rheumatology Reviews Senescence of the Brain: Focus on Cognitive Kinases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cannabinoids and Myocardial Ischemia: Novel insights, Updated Mechanisms, and Implications for Myocardial Infarction
Current Medicinal Chemistry Nuclear Factor κB and Adenosine Receptors: Biochemical and Behavioral Profiling
Current Neuropharmacology