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The sonographic appearance and obstetric management of placenta accreta

Authors Cheung CS, Chan C

Received 21 August 2012

Accepted for publication 27 September 2012

Published 26 November 2012 Volume 2012:4 Pages 587—594

DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S28853

Checked for plagiarism Yes

Review by Single anonymous peer review

Peer reviewer comments 2



Charleen Sze-yan Cheung, Ben Chong-pun Chan

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong

Abstract: Placenta accreta is a condition of abnormal placental implantation in which the placental tissue invades beyond the decidua basalis. It may invade into or even through the myometrium and adjacent organs, such as the urinary bladder. The incidence has been rising in recent years. It is one of the important obstetric complications nowadays, leading to significant maternal morbidity and mortality. In the past, this condition was often diagnosed at the time of delivery when massive and unexpected hemorrhage occurred. Hysterectomy, associated with significant physical and psychological consequences, was usually the only management option. As more obstetricians have become aware of this condition, early identification with antenatal imaging diagnostic technology has become possible. Ultrasound scan plays an important role in the antenatal diagnosis. Various sonographic features with different specificity and sensitivity have been described in the literature. In equivocal cases, magnetic resonance imaging may be helpful. With such information, more accurate counseling can be offered to the mothers and their families before delivery. The delivery can also be arranged at a favorable time and in an institution where multidisciplinary support is available. Input from a hematologist, interventional radiologist, intensive care physician, urology surgeon, and/or other specialist are desirable. Apart from hysterectomy, various forms of conservative management can also be considered when the diagnosis is made prior to delivery. Fertility can therefore be preserved. After delivery, with or without hysterectomy performed, psychological support to the mothers and their families is essential.

Keywords: ultrasonography, hemorrhage, hysterectomy

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