Recently, solar energy has proven to be one of the alternatives to our dependence on fossil fuels, this clean, inexhaustible energy provides ten thousand times more energy than that consumed by the entire world population Funk[1]. As a result, developing this sector remains a priority for many countries in order to achieve a sustainable development on these three dimensions: economic, social and environmental.
The Rise of Developing Countries, as well as the increase in the world's population and the increase in average per capita income, leading to a steady increase in energy needs. Fossil fuels today maintain a dominant position in meeting energy demand, but poses environmental problems.
According to the IEA (International Energy Agency)[2], renewable energy is particularly important, especially solar photovoltaics. In this scenario, renewable energy accounts for almost half of the increase in global electricity production until 2035 and intermittent sources, namely photovoltaic solar and wind, account for 45% of the growth of renewable energies. The energy context, focusing on the place of electricity from photovoltaic (PV) in the global energy mix, continues to grow rapidly. With about 38.4 GW of PV capacity installed in 2013 worldwide to reach a total PV capacity of 138.9 GW,as reported in the 2014 report of the EPIA (European Photovoltaic Industry Association) [3].
The market for solar power generation has been growing exponentially over the last decade. However, from an energy and financial point of view, it is the amount of energy delivered, depending on the location and the implementation of the modules that matters. African countries have important untapped resources in the form of solar radiation energy that neither political leaders nor public opinion seem to be giving the interest that might be expected. It was indeed the "intertropical regions", and in particular Africa, that the pioneers of renewable energy focused on their innovations. These characteristics were, according to Caille.[4], the major assets. In return, they probably burdened the two great initial foundations of solar energy development: namely, on the one hand, the availability of energy source in these regions and, on the other, the project of solar energy economic and human development of these same regions.
Energy consumption is linked to economic development. It must be noted that, both in terms of production and consumption, Africa today remains, above all, a land in energy crisis representing a real obstacle to its development. With 14% of theworld's population, Africa represents only 3. About 20% of global primary energy consumption Pollet et al.[5]; Lucas et al.[6]. Although Algeria is a weak greenhouse gas emitter (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 2015), it has already made heavy investments to adapt to the effects of climate change and mitigation greenhouse gas (GHG).
As a result, the need for new energy sources around the world has become essential to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and limit temperature rise to 2oC by 2100 SYMBIOSE. [7]. Several countries have begun to strengthen their energy transition policies aimed at adopting these clean and inexhaustible sources of a large part of the energy mix. In this regard, Algeria has embarked on the path of renewable energy by launching an ambitious programme to reach 22000 MW by 2030, 62% of which will be devoted to solar energy Ministry of Energy [8].
This strategic choice is motivated by the immense solar potential of the country. To reverse the trend, Algeria intends to focus on renewable energy. With a period of sunshine of 2000 to 3900 hours per year and daily radiation of 3000 to 6000 Wh / M2 (equivalent to 10 times global consumption), Algeria has enormous renewable energy potential.
Solar energy thus appears to be the most available, the most efficient and the most competitive to develop. In this context, this energy could therefore be the social and economic lever for the country by participating in the creation of several jobs and wealth positions. In terms of solar energy, Algeria is very privileged. The country has a huge Saharan land mass and a small population, which is a considerable source.
Algeria is starting a green energy dynamic by launching an ambitious programme for renewable energy development and energy efficiency. This vision of the Algerian government is based on a strategy focused on the development of inexhaustible resources such as solar. The updated renewable energy programme consists of installing a renewable power of around 22,000 MW by 2030 for the domestic market, with the maintenance of the export option as a strategic objective, if market authorities permit. Large-scale projects to exploit renewable resources, particularly solar energy, are already underway; for example, the Solar Power Plant of Oued Nechou (20 km north of Ghardaïa) with a production capacity of 1.1 (MW) to generate solar electricity, and the Hansi R'Mel solar thermal power plant (100 km north of Ghardaïa) which uses CSP technology with a capacity of 150 (MW) which has been operational since July 2011 Alnaser et al. [9] .
The use of renewable energy is imperative in the country like Algeria, which has a large solar field and a favourable climate for the development and expansion of the renewable energy sector, including the installation of photovoltaic systems. The development of the photovoltaic sector is one of the elements of energy policy and commitment to the sustainable development of our country.
In this way, our work revolves around the following:
Firstly a characterization of the solar potential in Algeria and a brief overview on the legal, administrative and financial aspects necessary for the installation of photovoltaic panels.
Secondly, we will propose possible guidelines through a methodological approach to the choice of solar panel implementation strategy.