International and National Problems in Fisheries Seabird By-Catch

Haruo Ogi

doi:10.20965/jdr.2008.p0187

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JDR Vol.3 No.3 pp. 187-195

(2008)

doi: 10.20965/jdr.2008.p0187

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International and National Problems in Fisheries Seabird By-Catch

Haruo Ogi

Yamashina Institute for Ornithology

Received:

November 19, 2007

Accepted:

December 27, 2007

Published:

June 1, 2008

Keywords:

Seabird by-catch, driftnet fishery, longline fishery, Japanese salmon mothership, Northern Territories

Abstract

Large-scale international fisheries have seen many developments, including the adoption of 200-mile fishing limits by many countries, including Japan, between 1976 and 1977. On the North Pacific high seas, the use of neon flying squid and large-mesh driftnets is expanding rapidly. The many kinds and large numbers of nontargeted species caught in such driftnets, however, influenced world public opinion and the United Nations to prohibit driftnet fishing on the high seas in 1991. The investigation on the consequences of such driftnets have been often failed to be conducted in Japan, because Japan’s fisheries have been downsized. Japan’s fishing industry has not addressed this problem appropriately, even though the authorities have recommended that fishing fleets minimize by-catch. Japan has no legislation designating sea surface conservation for sealife, and fisheries by-catch have dramatically reduced the number of breeding seabirds in isolated habitats. The Japanese murrelet (Synthliboramphus wumizusume) of Miyazaki Prefecture and the common murre (Uria aalge) and the tufted puffin (Lunda cirrhata) of Hokkaido face a serious situation. The number of the spectacled guillemot (Cepphus carbo) living along Tohoku-Hokkaido coast has rapidly decreased due to by-catch fishing. Russia has legislation designating breeding places for seabirds and animals and designating surroundings as conservation areas. The Northern Territory adjoining Hokkaido thus has extremely diverse sea species. Japan has no corresponding legislation to succeed the Russian conservation legislation if Russia should return the Northern Territories to Japan.

Cite this article as:

H. Ogi, “International and National Problems in Fisheries Seabird By-Catch,” J. Disaster Res., Vol.3 No.3, pp. 187-195, 2008.

Data files:

References

[1] C. E. Tull, P. Germain, and A. W. May, “Mortality of thick-billed murres in the west Greenland salmon fishery,” Nature, 237, pp. 42-44, 1972.
[2] S. Saila, “Importance and assessment of discards in commercial fisheries,” UN/FAO, Rome, Italy. FAO Circ. 765, 1983.
[3] D. L. Alverson, M. H. Freeberg, J. G. Pope, and S. A. Murauski, “A global assessment of fisheries bycatch and discards,” FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, No.339, Rome, FAO, 1994.
[4] R. J. Tomkin, “Reproductive and mortality of wandering albatrosses on Macquair Island,” Emu, 85, pp. 40-42, 1985.
[5] H. Weimerskirch and P. Jouventin, “Population dynamics of the Wandering Albatross, Diomedea exulans, of the Crozet Islands: causes and consequences of the population decline,” Oikos, 49, pp. 315-322, 1987.
[6] N. Brothers, “Albatross mortality and associated bait loss in the Japanese longline fishery in the Southern Ocean,” Biological Conservation, 55, pp. 255-268, 1991.
[7] A. R. DeGange, R. H. Day, and L. L. Jones, “Mortality of seabirds in the Japanese high-seas salmon mothership fishery. 1981-1984,” U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, 1985.
[8] A. Yatsu, K. Hiramatsu, and S. Hayase, “Outline of the Japanese squid driftnet fishery with notes on the by-catch,” Int. N. Pac. Fish. Comm. Bull, 53, pp. 5-24, 1993.
[9] S. Yeh and I. Tung, “Review of Taiwanese pelagic squid fisheries in the North Pacific,” Int. N. Pac. Fish. Comm. Bull, 53, pp. 71-76, 1993.
[10] S. M. Fitzgerald, H. McElderry, H. Hatanaka, Y. Watanabe, J. S. Park, Y. Gong, and S. Yeh, “1990-1991 North Pacific high seas driftnet scientific observer program,” Int. N. Pac. Fish. Comm. Bull, 53, pp. 77-90, 1993.
[11] H. Nakano, K. Okada, Y. Watanabe, and K. Uosaki, “Outline of the large-mesh driftnet fishery of Japan,” Int. N. Pac. Fish. Comm. Bull, 53, pp. 25-37, 1993.
[12] INPFC(Int. N. Pac. Fish. Comm.), “Final report of squid and bycatch observations in the Japanese driftnet fishery for neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartrami), ” June-December, 1989 Observer Program, (INPFC Doc.) Joint report by the National Sections of Canada, Japan and the United States, 1990.
[13] H. Ogi, “Identification Guide of Seabirds in the North Pacific,” Laboratory of the Japan Fisheries Agency, 1990 (in Japanese).
[14] H. Ogi, A. Yatsu, H. Hatanaka, and A. Nitta, “The mortality of seabirds by driftnet fisheries in the North Pacific,” Int. N. Pac. Fish. Comm. Bull, 53, pp. 499-518, 1993.
[15] S. P. Northridge,“Driftnet fisheries and their impacts on non-target species: a worldwide review,” FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No.320, FAO of the United Nations, Rome, 1991.
[16] Kadokawa City Board of Education, “Picture book of Japanese Murrelets,” 2006 (in Japanese).
[17] H. Ogi, “Present status and future guideline for conservation of the Streaked Shearwater breeding populations on Oshima Ohshima Island, Hokkaido,” Bull. 15 Fish. Sci, Hokkaido Univ, 52, pp. 71-93, 2001 (in Japanese).

This article is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationa License.

[1] [1] C. E. Tull, P. Germain, and A. W. May, “Mortality of thick-billed murres in the west Greenland salmon fishery,” Nature, 237, pp. 42-44, 1972.

[2] [2] S. Saila, “Importance and assessment of discards in commercial fisheries,” UN/FAO, Rome, Italy. FAO Circ. 765, 1983.

[3] [3] D. L. Alverson, M. H. Freeberg, J. G. Pope, and S. A. Murauski, “A global assessment of fisheries bycatch and discards,” FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, No.339, Rome, FAO, 1994.

[4] [4] R. J. Tomkin, “Reproductive and mortality of wandering albatrosses on Macquair Island,” Emu, 85, pp. 40-42, 1985.

[5] [5] H. Weimerskirch and P. Jouventin, “Population dynamics of the Wandering Albatross, Diomedea exulans, of the Crozet Islands: causes and consequences of the population decline,” Oikos, 49, pp. 315-322, 1987.

[6] [6] N. Brothers, “Albatross mortality and associated bait loss in the Japanese longline fishery in the Southern Ocean,” Biological Conservation, 55, pp. 255-268, 1991.

[7] [7] A. R. DeGange, R. H. Day, and L. L. Jones, “Mortality of seabirds in the Japanese high-seas salmon mothership fishery. 1981-1984,” U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, 1985.

[8] [8] A. Yatsu, K. Hiramatsu, and S. Hayase, “Outline of the Japanese squid driftnet fishery with notes on the by-catch,” Int. N. Pac. Fish. Comm. Bull, 53, pp. 5-24, 1993.

[9] [9] S. Yeh and I. Tung, “Review of Taiwanese pelagic squid fisheries in the North Pacific,” Int. N. Pac. Fish. Comm. Bull, 53, pp. 71-76, 1993.

[10] [10] S. M. Fitzgerald, H. McElderry, H. Hatanaka, Y. Watanabe, J. S. Park, Y. Gong, and S. Yeh, “1990-1991 North Pacific high seas driftnet scientific observer program,” Int. N. Pac. Fish. Comm. Bull, 53, pp. 77-90, 1993.

[11] [11] H. Nakano, K. Okada, Y. Watanabe, and K. Uosaki, “Outline of the large-mesh driftnet fishery of Japan,” Int. N. Pac. Fish. Comm. Bull, 53, pp. 25-37, 1993.

[12] [12] INPFC(Int. N. Pac. Fish. Comm.), “Final report of squid and bycatch observations in the Japanese driftnet fishery for neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartrami), ” June-December, 1989 Observer Program, (INPFC Doc.) Joint report by the National Sections of Canada, Japan and the United States, 1990.

[13] [13] H. Ogi, “Identification Guide of Seabirds in the North Pacific,” Laboratory of the Japan Fisheries Agency, 1990 (in Japanese).

[14] [14] H. Ogi, A. Yatsu, H. Hatanaka, and A. Nitta, “The mortality of seabirds by driftnet fisheries in the North Pacific,” Int. N. Pac. Fish. Comm. Bull, 53, pp. 499-518, 1993.

[15] [15] S. P. Northridge,“Driftnet fisheries and their impacts on non-target species: a worldwide review,” FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No.320, FAO of the United Nations, Rome, 1991.

[16] [16] Kadokawa City Board of Education, “Picture book of Japanese Murrelets,” 2006 (in Japanese).

[17] [17] H. Ogi, “Present status and future guideline for conservation of the Streaked Shearwater breeding populations on Oshima Ohshima Island, Hokkaido,” Bull. 15 Fish. Sci, Hokkaido Univ, 52, pp. 71-93, 2001 (in Japanese).