PERTUMBUHAN JABON (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq.) PADA LAHAN MARGINAL BERJENIS TANAH ULTISOL DI RIAU

Ahmad Junaedi

doi:10.20886/jpth.2018.12.1.51-63

PERTUMBUHAN JABON (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq.) PADA LAHAN MARGINAL BERJENIS TANAH ULTISOL DI RIAU

Ahmad Junaedi

Abstract

Study on growth of jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq) as native tree species that suitable for pulpwood on ultisol-soil land is required, as most pulpwood plantation occur in this type of soil. The experiment was conducted in ex Acacia mangium (second rotation) in Riau to evaluate the growth performance of jabon on marginal land ultisol soil. This study assigned experiment plots of jabon with three planting spaces (2 m × 2 m; 2 m × 3 m and 3 m × 3 m) and four blocks in Randomized Block Design. The poor growth was exhibited by jabon on marginal land ultisol. It was suggested that the poor growth related to the negative effects of low N and P soil, high Al soil, and threats of pest, disease, weed as well. The result study indicated that jabon was not suitable to be developed as pulpwood species in marginal lands ultisol of pulpwood plantation in Riau.

Keywords

native tree species; growth; pulpwood; industrial plantation

Full Text:

PDF

References

Abdulah, L., Mindawati, N., & Kosasih, A. S. (2013). Evaluasi pertumbuhan awal jabon di Hutan Rakyat. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Tanaman, 10(3), 119–128.

Agren, G. I., Wetterstedt, J. A. ., & Billberger, M. F. . (2012). Nutrient limitation on terrestrial plant growth – modeling the interaction between nitrogen and phosphorus. New Phytologist, 194, 953–960. https://doi.org/doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04116.x

Aprianis, Y., & Rahmyanti, S. (2009). Dimensi serat dan nilai turunannya dari tujuh jenis kayu asal provinsi jambi. Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan, 27(1), 1–15.

Bijalwan, A., Dobriyal, M. J. R., & Bhartiya, J. K. (2014). A potential fast growing tree for Agroforestry and Carbon Sequestration in India : Anthocephalus cadamba ( Roxb .). American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 2(6), 296–301. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20140206.21

Brunner, I., & Sperisen, C. (2013). Aluminum exclusion and aluminum tolerance in woody plants. Plant Science, 4(June), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2013.00172

Calvo-Alvarado, J. C., Arias, D., & Richter, D. D. (2007). Early growth performance of native and introduced fast growing tree species in wet to sub-humid climates of the Southern region of Costa Rica. Forest Ecology and Management, 242, 227–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.01.034

Carpenter, F. L., Nichols, J. D., & Sandi, E. (2004). Early growth of native and exotic trees planted on degraded tropical pasture. Forest Ecology and Management, 196(2–3), 367–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.03.030

Cristancho, J. A., Hanafi, M. M., Omar, S. R. S., & Rafii, M. Y. (2011). Alleviation of soil acidity improves the performance of oil palm progenies planted on an acid Ultisol. Acta Agriculture Scandinavia Section B - Soil and Plant Science, 61, 487–498. https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2010.506448

Cuevas, E., & Lugo, A. E. (1998). Dynamics of organic matter and nutrient return from litterfall in stands of ten tropical tree plantation species. Forest Ecology and Management, 112, 263–279.

Daryono, H. (2009). Potensi, permasalahan dan kebijakan yang diperlukan dalam pengelolaan hutan dan lahan rawa gambut secara lestari. Analisis Kebijakan Kehutanan, 6(1981), 71–101.

Egbuchua, C. N. (2014). Variability in Soil Properties as Influenced by Different Land Use Types in an Ultisols of the Tropical Region , Delta State , Nigeria Collins Nnamdi Egbuchua. Agricultura Tropica Et Subtropica, 47(2), 43–48. https://doi.org/10.2478/ats-2014-0006

Ezeaku, P. I., Eze, F. U., & Oku, E. (2015). Profile distribution and degradation of soil properties of an ultisol in Nsukka semi-humid area of Nigeria. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 10(11), 1306–1311. https://doi.org/10.589Fujii, K. ( 2014). Soil acidification and adaptations of plants and microorganisms in Bornean tropical forests. Ecol Res, 29, 371–381.

/AJAR2013.8446

Francis, B. A., Beadle, C., Puspitasari, D., Irianto, R., Agustini, L., Rimbawanto, A., … Hardiyanto, E. (2014). Disease progression in plantations of Acacia mangium a ff ected by red root rot ( Ganoderma philippii ), 44, 447–459. https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12141

Fujii, K. (2014). Soil acidification and adaptations of plants and microorganisms in Bornean tropical forests. Ecological Research, 29(3), 371–381. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-014-1144-3

Gonçalves, J. L. M., Stape, J. L., Laclau, J. P., Bouillet, J. P., & Ranger, J. (2008). Assessing the effects of early silvicultural management on long-term site productivity of fast-growing eucalypt plantations: The Brazilian experience. Southern Forests, 70(2), 105–118. https://doi.org/10.2989/SOUTH.FOR.2008.70.2.6.534

Harwood, C. E., & Nambiar, E. K. S. (2014). Sustainable plantation forestry in South-East Asia. Canberra.

Hodson, M. J. (2012). Metal toxicity and tolerance in plants. Oxford.

Indrawan, D. A., Efiyanti, L., Tampubolon, R. M., & Roliadi, H. (2015). Pembuatan pulp untuk kertas bungkus dari bahan serat alternatif. Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan, 33(4), 283–302.

Joslin, A. H., Markewitz, D., Morris, L. A., Deassis, F., Figueiredo, R. O., & Kato, O. R. (2011). Five native tree species and manioc under slash-and-mulch agroforestry in the eastern Amazon of Brazil : plant growth and soil responses. Agroforestry Systems, 81, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-010-9356-1

Masota, Abel Malyango , Eliakimu Zahabu, Rogers Ernest Malimbwi, O. M. B., & Eid, T. H. (2014). Volume Models for Single Trees in Tropical Rainforests in Tanzania. Journal of Energy and Natural Resources, 3(5), 66. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20140305.12

McCauley, A. (2011). Plant Nutrient Functions and Deficiency and Toxicity Symptoms. Nutrient Management Module, 9, 1–16.

Menteri Kehutanan RI. Peraturan Menteri Kehutan Republik Indonesia Tentang Pedoman Penilaian Keberhasilan Reklamasi Hutan, Pub. L. No. P.60/Menhut-II/2009 (2009). Republik Indonesia.

Mindawati, N., Indrawan, A., Mansur, I., & Rusdiana, O. (2010). Kajian pertumbuhan tegaka hybrid Eucalyptus urograndis di Sumatera Utara. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Tanaman, 7(1), 39–50.

Moosavi, A. A., & Ronaghi, A. (2011). Influence of foliar and soil applications of iron and manganese on soybean dry matter yield and iron-manganese relationship in a Calcareous soil. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 5(12), 1550–1556.

Nottingham, A. T., Turner, B. L., Whitaker, J., Ostle, N. J., Mcnamara, N. P., Bardgett, R. D., & Salinas, N. (2015). Soil microbial nutrient constraints along a tropical forest elevation gradient : a belowground test of a biogeochemical paradigm. Biogeosciens, 12, 6071–6083. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6071-2015

Nurcan, Refdanil, Sribudiani, E., & Sudarmalik. (2014). Selling price of Acacia Llog analisys by approaching the production cost of plantation forest. Jurnal Analisis Kebijakan Kehutanan, 1(1), 1–13.

Nurwahyudi, & Tarigan, M. (2004). Logging Residue Management and Productivity in Short-rotation Acacia mangium Plantations in Riau Provi .... In E. K. . Nambiar, J. Ranger, A. Tiarks, & T. Toma (Eds.), Proceeding of Workshops : Site Management and Productivity in Tropical Platation Forests (pp. 109–119). Congo and China: CIFOR.

Otsamo, A. (2001). Forest plantations on Imperata grasslands in Indonesia.

Otsamo, A., Adjers, G., Hadi, T. S., Kuusipalo, J., & Vuokko, R. (1997). Evaluation of reforestation potential of 83 tree species planted on Imperata cylindrica dominated grassland. New Forests, 14, 127–143.

Phillips, P. D., Yasman, I., Brash, T. E., & Gardingen, P. R. Van. (2002). Grouping tree species for analysis of forest data in Kalimantan ( Indonesian Borneo ). Forest Ecology and Management, 157, 205–216.

Prasetyo, B. H., Suharta, N., & Subagyo, H. (2001). Chemical and mineralogical properties of Ultisol of Sasamba Area, East Kalimantan. Indonesian Journal of Agriculture Science, 2(2), 37–47.

Pribadi, A. (2010a). Inventarisasi berbagai jenis penyakit dan gula pada tegakan jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba). Badan Litbang dan Inovasi Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan.

Pribadi, A. (2010b). Serangan hama dan tingkat kerusakan daun akibat hama defoliator pada tegakan jabon( Anthocephalus cadamba Miq.). Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Dan Konservasi Alam, 2(4), 451–458.

Pribadi, A. (2012). Pest and diseases attacking Cadamba (Anthocephalus cadamba) plantation at Riau Province. In P. Parthama, A. F. Mas’ud, N. Mindawati, G. Pari, H. Krisnawati, Krsidianto, … D. R. Nurrochmat (Eds.), Proceeding INAFOR 2011 (pp. 418–429). Bogor.

Pribadi, A., & Anggraeni, I. (2011). Pengaruh temperatur dan kelembaban terhadap tingkat kerusakan jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) oleh Arthrochista hilaralis. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Tanaman, 8(1), 1–7.

Rahmayanti, Kosasih, S., Siswanto, A. B., & Sunarato. (2014). Silvikultur jenis alternatif kayu serat untuk pulp di lahan mineral (Laporan Hasil Penelitian tidak dipublikasikan). Kuok, Riau.

Rehmus, A., Bigalke, M., Valarezo, C., & Mora, J. (2015). Aluminum toxicity to tropical montane forest tree seedlings in southern Ecuador : Response of nutrient status to elevated Al concentrations. Plant Soil, 388, 87–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2276-5

Román-Dañobeytia, F. J., Levy-Tacher, S. I., Aronson, J., Rodrigues, R. R., & Castellanos-Albores, J. (2012). Testing the Performance of Fourteen Native Tropical Tree Species in Two Abandoned Pastures of the Lacandon Rainforest Region of Chiapas, Mexico. Restoration Ecology, 20(3), 378–386. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2011.00779.x

Seo, J., Kim, H., Chun, J.-H., Mansur, I., & Lee, C.-B. (2015). Silvicultural practice and growth of the jabon tree ( Anthocephalus cadamba Miq .) in community forests of West Java , Indonesia. Journal of Agriculture & Life Science, 49(4), 81–93. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.14397/jals.2015.49.4.81

Shamshuddin, J., & Kapok, J. R. (2010). Effect of Ground Basalt on Chemical Properties of an Ultisoi and Oxisol in Malaysia. Pertanika J. Trop. Agric. Sci, 33(August 2009), 7–14.

Siahaan, H., & Rahman, T. (2007). Peningkatan mutu benih jenis prioritas sumatera bagian selatan dalam mendukung pembangunan hutan tanaman. In Hendromono, S. Bustomi, & M. K. Sallata (Eds.), Prosiding Seminar: Peran IPTEK dalam Mendukung Pembangunan Hutan Tanaman dan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat . Kayu Agung – OKI, 7 Desember 2006. (pp. 31–37). Kayu Agung, OKI, Palembang: Puslitbang Hutan Tanaman.

Srihadiono, U. I. (2005). Hutan tanaman industri: skenario masa depan kehutanan Indonesia. Palembang: Musi Hutan Persada.

Susanty, S. C., Farikhah, N., & Mansur, I. (2014). Neraca Kehidupan Arthroschista hilaralis pada tanaman jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq). Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Tanaman, 11(2), 99–104.

Wahyudi. (2012). Analisis Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman. Jurnal Perennial, 8(1), 19–24.

Wasis, B. (2006). Perbandingan Kualitas Tempat Tumbuh antara Daur Pertama dengan Daur Kedua pada Hutan Tanaman Acacia mangium Willd (Studi Kasus di HTI PT Musi Hutan Persada, Propinsi Sumatera Selatan). Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Yang, M., Tan, L., Xu, Y., Zhao, Y., Cheng, F., & Ye, S. (2015). Effect of Low pH and Aluminum Toxicity on the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Different Fast-Growing Eucalyptus Vegetatively Propagated Clones. Plos One, 10(6), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130963

Yang, X., Thornton, P. E., Ricciuto, D. M., & Post, W. M. (2014). The role of phosphorus dynamics in tropical forests – a modeling study using CLM-CNP. Biogeosciens, 11, 1667–1681. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1667-2014

Yu, H. N., Liu, P., Wang, Z. Y., Chen, W. R., & Xu, G. D. (2011). The effect of aluminum treatments on the root growth and cell ultrastructure of two soybean genotypes. Crop Protection, 30(3), 323–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2010.11.024

Yulnafatmawita, & Adrinal. (2014). Physical characteristics of ultisols and the impact on soil loss during sorbean ( Glycine max Merr ) cultivation. Agrivita, 36(1), 57–64. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.17503/Agrivita-2014-36-1-p057-064

Zuhaidi, Y. A. (2013). Crown diameter prediction model for plantation-grown Neolamarckia cadamba. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 25(4), 446–453.

Zuhaidi, Y. A., Hashim, M. ., Sarifah, K., & Norhazaedawati, B. (2012). Domestication of lesser known Tropical species Neolamarckia cadamba among the small scale forest owners. In IUFRO 2012 Small-Scale Forestry : Science for Solutions.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jpth.2018.12.1.51-63