Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of aortic valve stenosis in adults

Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common form of valvular heart disease. AS of degenerative etiology is predominant. It is a persistent disease associated with the activation of 3 processes: lipid accumulation, inflammation, and calcification. Recent studies suggest that valve calcification is an actively regulated process that involves extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, and inflammation leading to bone formation. Many mechanisms and risk factors involved in the pathogenesis of AS are similar to those observed in atherosclerosis. The knowledge of these processes may play a significant role in adequate prevention and therapy of patients with AS, especially at an early stage.