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Kinetics of cytokines IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α and their relationship with serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations in adolescent swimmers throughout a training season

Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 138 - 148, 15.12.2020

Marcela Pires Hugo Tourinho Filho Eike Bianchi Kohama Rafael Fornel Rodrigo José Custodio Carlos Martinelli Jr

https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.843434

Abstract

Aim: The objective of this study was to analyze the kinetics of the IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α cytokines and their relationship with the serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels of adolescent swimmers throughout a training season.


Methods: Nine male adolescent swimmers aged 16 to 19 years old, classified in stages 4-5 for pubic hair growth on the Tanner scale, were recruited as the study sample. All the procedures took place in the early phase (extensive phase), intermediate phase (intensive phase), and final phase (tapering) of the athletes’ season. At the beginning of each stage, the athletes were evaluated as follows: an anthropometric evaluation and blood samples were taken before and after a standardized training session (STS).

Results: It was possible to verify a strong and inversely proportional relationship between serum levels of IL-6 and IGF-I during the most intensive phase of training and an increase in serum concentrations of IGF-I and IL-10 during the tapering phase. Regarding the acute effects of training it was possible to identify differentiated kinetics only for the IGF-I values during the intensive phase and for the IL-10 values during the tapering phase.

Conclusion: IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and IL-10 concentrations proved sensitive to both the acute or chronic effects of exercise. Thus, it can be suggested that these components may be used as important markers of the training condition of adolescent swimmers during their preparation throughout a season.

Keywords

Biomarkers GH/IGF-I axis Cytokines Swimming Adolescents

Supporting Institution

School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil

Thanks

Dr. Ibrahim Erdemir, PhD and Dr. Gul Tirvaki-Sonmez PhD Editors-in-Chief – International Journal of Sport, Exercise and Training Science Dear Dr. Ibrahim Erdemir, and Dr. Gul Tirvaki-Sonmez I am writing in order to submit the paper entitled “Kinetics of cytokines IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α and their relationship with serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations in adolescent swimmers” to be considered for publication in the International Journal of Sport, Exercise and Training Science. This manuscript represents results of original work that have not been published elsewhere (except as an abstract in conference proceedings). This manuscript has not and will not be submitted for publication elsewhere until a decision is made regarding its acceptability for publication in International Journal of Sport, Exercise and Training Science. If accepted for publication, it will not be published elsewhere. This research is not part of a larger study. We would like to inform that there are no conflicts of interest regarding our study. We also would like to stat that; 1) all authors agree with the content of the article and approve its submission to this journal; 2) All authors acknowledge ethical responsibility for the content of the manuscript and will accept the consequences of any ethical violation; 3) the experiments reported in the article were undertaken in compliance with the current laws of the country in which the experiments were performed. Authors will be held responsible for false statements. Thank you very much for your attention. I am looking forward to hearing from you. Yours sincerely, Hugo Tourinho Filho School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto University of São Paulo 14.040-907, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil

References

  • Behnke A.R., Wilmore J.H. (1974). Field Methods, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
  • Boileau R.A., Lohman T.G. (1985). Slaughter M.H. Exercise and body composition in children and youth. Scandinavian J. Sports Sci.; 7:17–27.
  • Eliakim A., Cooper D.M., Nemet D. (2014). The GH-IGF-I response to typical field sports practices in adolescent athletes: a summary. Pediatr. Exerc. Sci.; 26 (4): 428-433.
  • Eliakim A., Nemet D. (2013). Exercise and the GH/IGF-I axis, in: N. Constantini, A.C. Hackney (Eds.), Endocrinology of Physical Activity and Sport. New York: Springer Science + Business Media; pp. 69–83.
  • Eliakim A., Nemet D. (2010). Exercise training, physical fitness and the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-1 axis and cytokine balance, in: Jürimäe J., Hills A.P., Jürimäe, T. (Eds.). Cytokines, Growth Mediators and Physical Activity in Children during Puberty. Karger Basel:Med Sport Sci.; pp. 128-140.
  • Eliakim A., Nemet D., Bar-Sela S., Higer Y, Falk B. (2002). Changes in circulation IGF-I and their correlation with self-assessment and fitness among elite athletes. Int. J. Sports Med.;23 (8): 600-603.
  • Eliakim A., Scheett T.P., Newcomb R., Mohan S., Cooper D.M. (2001). Fitness, training, and the growth hormone - insulin-like growth factor I axis in prepubertal girls, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.; 86 (6): 2797-2802.
  • Esteve-Lanao J., Juan A.F.S., Earnest C.P., Foster C., Lucia A. (2005). How do endurance runners actually train? Relationship with competition performance, Med. Sci. Sports Exerc.; 37 (3): 496-504.
  • Febbraio M.A., Steensberg A., Keller C., Starkie R.L., Nielsen H.B., Krustrup P., Ott P., Secher N.H., Pedersen B.K. (2003). Glucose ingestion attenuates interleukin-6 release from contracting skeletal muscle in humans. J. Physiol.;549: 607-612.
  • Galassetti P., Larson J., Iwanga K., Salsberg S., Eliakim A., Pontello A. (2006). Effect of a high fat meal on the growth hormone response to exercise in children, J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab; 19: 777–786.
  • Kapilevich L.V., Kironenko T.A., Zakharova A.N., Kabachkova A.V., Orlov S.N. (2017). Level of interleukins IL-6 and IL-15 in blood plasma of mice after forced swimming test. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine; 163 (1): 14-17.
  • Koziris L.P, Hickson R.C., Chatterton Jr R.T., Groseth R.T., Christie J.M, Goldflies D.G., Unterman T.G. (1999). Serum levels of total and free IGF-I and IGFBP-3 are increased and maintained in long-term training, J. Appl. Physiol.; 86 (4): 1436-1442.
  • Maglischo E.W. (2010). Swimming even faster. Barueri: Manole.
  • Marchioni D.M.L, Slater B., Fisberg R.M. (2004). Application of the dietary reference intakes in the evaluation of nutrient intake for individuals. Rev. Nutr.; 17 (2): 207-216.
  • Martinelli Jr. C.E., Custódio R.J, Oliveira M.H.A. (2008). Physiology of the GH axis-IGF system. Arq. Bras. Endocrinol. Metab.; 52 (5): 717-725.
  • Moldoveanu A.I, Shephard R.J., Shek P.N. (2001). The cytokine response to physical activity and training. Sports Med.; 31: 115-44.
  • Nemet D., Eliakim A. (2010). Growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-1 and inflammatory response to a single exercise bout in children and adolescents, in: Jürimäe J., Hills A.P, Jürimäe, T. (Eds.). Cytokines, Growth Mediators and Physical Activity in Children during Puberty. Karger, Basel: Med Sport Sci.; pp. 141-155.
  • Nemet D., Oh Y., Kim H.S., Hill M.A., Cooper D.M. (2002). Effect of intense exercise on inflammatory cytokines and growth mediators in adolescent boys. Pediatrics. (4): 681-689.
  • Nemet D., Rose-Gottron C.M., Mills P.J., Cooper D.M. (2003). Effect of water polo practice on cytokines, growth mediators, and leukocytes in girls. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc.; 35 (2): 356-363.
  • Nindl B.C., Kraemer W.J., Marvs J.O., Arciero P.J., Dohi K., Kellogg M.D., Loomis G.A. (2001). Overnight responses of the circulating IGF-I system after acute heavy-resistance exercise. J. Appl. Physiol.; 90 (4): 1319-1326.
  • Petersen A.M., Pedersen B.K. (2005). The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise. J. Appl. Physiol.; 98 (4): 1154-1162.
  • Pilz-Burstein R., Ashkenazi Y., Yaakobovitz Y., Cohen Y., Zigel L., Nemet D. Shamash N., Eliakim A. (2010). Hormonal response to taekwondo fighting simulation in elite adolescent athletes. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol.; 1(10): 1283-1290.
  • Scheett T.P, Mills P.J., Ziegler M.G., Stoppani J., Cooper D.M. (1999). Effect of Exercise on Cytokines and Growth Mediators in Prepubertal Children. Pediatr. Res.; 46 (4): 429-440.
  • Scheett T.P, Nemet D., Stoppani J., Maresh C.M., Newcomb R., Cooper D.M. (2002). The effect of endurance-type exercise training on growth mediators and inflammatory cytokines in pre-pubertal and early pubertal males. Pediatr. Res.; 52 (4): 491-497.
  • Seiler K.S., Kjerland G.O. (2006). Quantifying training intensity distribution in elite endurance athletes: is there evidence for an “optimal” distribution? Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports.; 16: 49-56.
  • Silva C.C., Goldberg T.B.L., Teixeira A.S., Marques I. (2004). Does physical exercise potentiate or compromise the longitudinal growth of children and adolescents? Myth or truth? Brazilian Journal of Sports Medicine.; 10 (6): 520-524.
  • Tanner J.M. (1962). Growth at Adolescent. Oxford, England: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
  • Tourinho Filho H., Pires M., Puggina E.F., Papoti M., Barbieri R., Martinelli Jr C.E. (2017). Serum IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and ALS concentrations and physical performance in young swimmers during a training season. Growth Hormone & IGF Research.; 32: 49-54.

Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 138 - 148, 15.12.2020

Marcela Pires Hugo Tourinho Filho Eike Bianchi Kohama Rafael Fornel Rodrigo José Custodio Carlos Martinelli Jr

https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.843434

Abstract

References

  • Behnke A.R., Wilmore J.H. (1974). Field Methods, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
  • Boileau R.A., Lohman T.G. (1985). Slaughter M.H. Exercise and body composition in children and youth. Scandinavian J. Sports Sci.; 7:17–27.
  • Eliakim A., Cooper D.M., Nemet D. (2014). The GH-IGF-I response to typical field sports practices in adolescent athletes: a summary. Pediatr. Exerc. Sci.; 26 (4): 428-433.
  • Eliakim A., Nemet D. (2013). Exercise and the GH/IGF-I axis, in: N. Constantini, A.C. Hackney (Eds.), Endocrinology of Physical Activity and Sport. New York: Springer Science + Business Media; pp. 69–83.
  • Eliakim A., Nemet D. (2010). Exercise training, physical fitness and the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-1 axis and cytokine balance, in: Jürimäe J., Hills A.P., Jürimäe, T. (Eds.). Cytokines, Growth Mediators and Physical Activity in Children during Puberty. Karger Basel:Med Sport Sci.; pp. 128-140.
  • Eliakim A., Nemet D., Bar-Sela S., Higer Y, Falk B. (2002). Changes in circulation IGF-I and their correlation with self-assessment and fitness among elite athletes. Int. J. Sports Med.;23 (8): 600-603.
  • Eliakim A., Scheett T.P., Newcomb R., Mohan S., Cooper D.M. (2001). Fitness, training, and the growth hormone - insulin-like growth factor I axis in prepubertal girls, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.; 86 (6): 2797-2802.
  • Esteve-Lanao J., Juan A.F.S., Earnest C.P., Foster C., Lucia A. (2005). How do endurance runners actually train? Relationship with competition performance, Med. Sci. Sports Exerc.; 37 (3): 496-504.
  • Febbraio M.A., Steensberg A., Keller C., Starkie R.L., Nielsen H.B., Krustrup P., Ott P., Secher N.H., Pedersen B.K. (2003). Glucose ingestion attenuates interleukin-6 release from contracting skeletal muscle in humans. J. Physiol.;549: 607-612.
  • Galassetti P., Larson J., Iwanga K., Salsberg S., Eliakim A., Pontello A. (2006). Effect of a high fat meal on the growth hormone response to exercise in children, J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab; 19: 777–786.
  • Kapilevich L.V., Kironenko T.A., Zakharova A.N., Kabachkova A.V., Orlov S.N. (2017). Level of interleukins IL-6 and IL-15 in blood plasma of mice after forced swimming test. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine; 163 (1): 14-17.
  • Koziris L.P, Hickson R.C., Chatterton Jr R.T., Groseth R.T., Christie J.M, Goldflies D.G., Unterman T.G. (1999). Serum levels of total and free IGF-I and IGFBP-3 are increased and maintained in long-term training, J. Appl. Physiol.; 86 (4): 1436-1442.
  • Maglischo E.W. (2010). Swimming even faster. Barueri: Manole.
  • Marchioni D.M.L, Slater B., Fisberg R.M. (2004). Application of the dietary reference intakes in the evaluation of nutrient intake for individuals. Rev. Nutr.; 17 (2): 207-216.
  • Martinelli Jr. C.E., Custódio R.J, Oliveira M.H.A. (2008). Physiology of the GH axis-IGF system. Arq. Bras. Endocrinol. Metab.; 52 (5): 717-725.
  • Moldoveanu A.I, Shephard R.J., Shek P.N. (2001). The cytokine response to physical activity and training. Sports Med.; 31: 115-44.
  • Nemet D., Eliakim A. (2010). Growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-1 and inflammatory response to a single exercise bout in children and adolescents, in: Jürimäe J., Hills A.P, Jürimäe, T. (Eds.). Cytokines, Growth Mediators and Physical Activity in Children during Puberty. Karger, Basel: Med Sport Sci.; pp. 141-155.
  • Nemet D., Oh Y., Kim H.S., Hill M.A., Cooper D.M. (2002). Effect of intense exercise on inflammatory cytokines and growth mediators in adolescent boys. Pediatrics. (4): 681-689.
  • Nemet D., Rose-Gottron C.M., Mills P.J., Cooper D.M. (2003). Effect of water polo practice on cytokines, growth mediators, and leukocytes in girls. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc.; 35 (2): 356-363.
  • Nindl B.C., Kraemer W.J., Marvs J.O., Arciero P.J., Dohi K., Kellogg M.D., Loomis G.A. (2001). Overnight responses of the circulating IGF-I system after acute heavy-resistance exercise. J. Appl. Physiol.; 90 (4): 1319-1326.
  • Petersen A.M., Pedersen B.K. (2005). The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise. J. Appl. Physiol.; 98 (4): 1154-1162.
  • Pilz-Burstein R., Ashkenazi Y., Yaakobovitz Y., Cohen Y., Zigel L., Nemet D. Shamash N., Eliakim A. (2010). Hormonal response to taekwondo fighting simulation in elite adolescent athletes. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol.; 1(10): 1283-1290.
  • Scheett T.P, Mills P.J., Ziegler M.G., Stoppani J., Cooper D.M. (1999). Effect of Exercise on Cytokines and Growth Mediators in Prepubertal Children. Pediatr. Res.; 46 (4): 429-440.
  • Scheett T.P, Nemet D., Stoppani J., Maresh C.M., Newcomb R., Cooper D.M. (2002). The effect of endurance-type exercise training on growth mediators and inflammatory cytokines in pre-pubertal and early pubertal males. Pediatr. Res.; 52 (4): 491-497.
  • Seiler K.S., Kjerland G.O. (2006). Quantifying training intensity distribution in elite endurance athletes: is there evidence for an “optimal” distribution? Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports.; 16: 49-56.
  • Silva C.C., Goldberg T.B.L., Teixeira A.S., Marques I. (2004). Does physical exercise potentiate or compromise the longitudinal growth of children and adolescents? Myth or truth? Brazilian Journal of Sports Medicine.; 10 (6): 520-524.
  • Tanner J.M. (1962). Growth at Adolescent. Oxford, England: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
  • Tourinho Filho H., Pires M., Puggina E.F., Papoti M., Barbieri R., Martinelli Jr C.E. (2017). Serum IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and ALS concentrations and physical performance in young swimmers during a training season. Growth Hormone & IGF Research.; 32: 49-54.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sports Medicine
Journal Section MOVEMENT and TRAINING SCIENCES
Authors

Marcela Pires 0000-0002-7634-151X

Hugo Tourinho Filho 0000-0001-6517-064X

Eike Bianchi Kohama 0000-0001-9497-1569

Rafael Fornel 0000-0002-4955-1730

Rodrigo José Custodio 0000-0002-4814-1334

Carlos Martinelli Jr 0000-0002-5737-6549

Publication Date December 15, 2020
Submission Date July 15, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 6 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Pires, M., Tourinho Filho, H., Kohama, E. B., Fornel, R., et al. (2020). Kinetics of cytokines IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α and their relationship with serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations in adolescent swimmers throughout a training season. International Journal of Sport Exercise and Training Sciences - IJSETS, 6(4), 138-148. https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.843434
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