Research Article
Year 2022,
Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 639 - 650, 31.08.2022
Abstract
The present study was carried out to study the effects of irrigation water on the quality attributes of mango, banana, and mulberry collected from the nearby orchards located in peri-urban areas of Sahiwal (Pakistan). Due to freshwater scarcity in peri-urban areas, wastewater is used as a source of irrigation for orchards, which consequently increases heavy metal accumulation in the soil, leaves, and fruits. The physio-chemical attributes and accumulation of heavy metals were analyzed in different soil layers and fruit cultivars. Among the heavy metals, copper, lead, chromium, and cadmium contents were found to be in greater amounts in the effluent sample than in freshwater samples, according to WHO. Heavy metals such as copper, lead, and chromium were found to be in higher concentrations in soil and effluent samples. The concentration levels of copper in mango and mulberry were 0.005 and 0.002 mg/kg, respectively. The concentration levels of lead in banana and mulberry were 0.231 and 1.248 mg/kg, and the concentration of chromium in banana was found to be 1.203 mg/kg, which is higher than the allowed limit given by WHO. The interaction among the sources of irrigation and fruit cultivars was significant for copper accumulation in different soil layers, lead, and copper accumulation in fruit cultivars. The irrigation water quality index (WQI) of all effluent samples ranged from 63.5 to 63.57, which, according to WHO, can be used for irrigation purposes as it is non-drinkable water.
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Year 2022,
Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 639 - 650, 31.08.2022
Abstract
References
- 1. Chidozie K, Nwakanma C. Assessment of saclux paint industrial effluents on Nkoho River in Abia State, Nigeria. J Ecosyst Ecography. 2017;7(2).
- 2. Nriagu JO, Pacyna JM. Quantitative assessment of worldwide contamination of air, water and soils by trace metals. Nature. 1988 May;333(6169):134–9.
- 3. Mohammed AS, Kapri A, Goel R. Heavy Metal Pollution: Source, Impact, and Remedies. In: Khan MS, Zaidi A, Goel R, Musarrat J, editors. Biomanagement of Metal-Contaminated Soils [Internet]. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2011 [cited 2022 Apr 27]. p. 1–28. (Environmental Pollution; vol. 20).
- 4. Dayan AD, Paine AJ. Mechanisms of chromium toxicity, carcinogenicity and allergenicity: Review of the literature from 1985 to 2000. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2001 Sep;20(9):439–51.
- 5. Costa M, Klein CB. Toxicity and Carcinogenicity of Chromium Compounds in Humans. Critical Reviews in Toxicology. 2006 Jan;36(2):155–63.
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- 9. Ben Mordechay E, Mordehay V, Tarchitzky J, Chefetz B. Pharmaceuticals in edible crops irrigated with reclaimed wastewater: Evidence from a large survey in Israel. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2021 Aug;416:126184.
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- 17. Khalil N, Ashour M, Fikry S, Singab AN, Salama O. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of selected Apiaceous fruits. Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2018 Jun;4(1):88–92.
- 18. Shahsavan-Davoudi M hossein, Ziarati P. Green Method for Cadmium Removal from Pharmaceutical Effluent Laboratories by Grapefruit Peel. Journal of Medical Discovery. 2020;5(3):1–13.
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- 22. Yaqub G, Khan A, Zishan Ahmad M, Irshad U. Determination of Concentration of Heavy Metals in Fruits, Vegetables, Groundwater, and Soil Samples of the Cement Industry and Nearby Communities and Assessment of Associated Health Risks. Faisal Manzoor M, editor. Journal of Food Quality. 2021 Sep 30;2021:1–9.
- 23. Anastácio M, dos Santos APM, Aschner M, Mateus L. Determination of trace metals in fruit juices in the Portuguese market. Toxicology Reports. 2018;5:434–9.
- 24. Parsons LR. Agricultural Use of Reclaimed Water in Florida: Food for Thought. Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education. 2018 Dec;165(1):20–7.
There are 24 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Physical Chemistry |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | August 31, 2022 |
| Submission Date | February 8, 2022 |
| Acceptance Date | April 7, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022 Volume: 9 Issue: 3 |
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