ISHS Acta Horticulturae 676: III WOCMAP Congress on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants - Volume 2: Conservation, Cultivation and Sustainable Use of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
GENEBANKING OF VEGETATIVELY PROPAGATED MEDICINAL PLANTS - TWO CASES: ALLIUM AND MENTHA |
| Authors: | E.R.J. Keller, A. Senula, M. Dreiling |
| Keywords: | garlic, mint, in vitro genebank, virus elimination, cryopreservation |
| DOI: | 10.17660/ActaHortic.2005.676.12 |
| Abstract:
Allium and Mentha represent two genera with important species of medicinal and aromatic plants. Large proportions of Allium (1000 of 3500) and Mentha accessions (160 of 220) are traditionally maintained vegetatively in field plots in the genebank of IPK Gatersleben. The main species used for medicinal purposes (A. sativum and M. x piperita) are seed-sterile. The field cultivation is endangered by risks (diseases, bad weather conditions). Studies were done on the field infection for LYSV, OYDV, GCLV, SLV and allexi viruses in garlic and some other Allium species. Significant differences were found between species without infection (A. saxatile), species infested by one virus mostly (A. obliquum with LYSV, A. globosum with SLV) and multiple infection (A. sativum). Meristem culture was performed on 100 garlic accessions resulting in virus free clones in 95 of them. Both medicinal plants were maintained in slow-growth culture cycles including storage at reduced temperature (2 or 10°C) on medium MS without hormones for 12 months (garlic) and 15 months (mint). Cryopreservation of garlic was successful with regrowth rates of 100% (clove explants) and 73-80% (bulbil explants). Lower success was achieved with material from in vitro culture. The vitrification technique and the droplet method were compared. | |
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