Urinary Citrate: A Potential Biomarker for IgA Nephropathy

Santosh Kumar; C  Priscilla; Sreejith Parameswaran; Deepak Gopal Shewade; Rajan Sundaram  nbsp and Rajesh Nachiappa Ganesh

doi:10.17485/ijst/2020/v13i07/149871

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Urinary Citrate: A Potential Biomarker for IgA Nephropathy

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Indian Journal of Science and Technology

DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2020/v13i07/149871

Year: 2020, Volume: 13, Issue: 7, Pages: 832 – 839

Original Article

Urinary Citrate: A Potential Biomarker for IgA Nephropathy

Santosh Kumar¹, C. Priscilla¹, Sreejith Parameswaran², Deepak Gopal Shewade³, Rajan Sundaram³ and Rajesh Nachiappa Ganesh^1,*

¹Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, 605006, India.
²Department of Nephrology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, 605006, India.
³Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, 605006, India.

^*Author for correspondence:
Rajesh Nachiappa Ganesh
Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
E-mail ID: drngrajesh@gmail.com

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Abstract

Background: Citrate is filtered by the glomeruli and reabsorbed in tubular cells in kidney. Through this study, we have tried to explore citrate as a diagnostic tool for IgA nephropathy.

Methods: We recruited 35 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients and 15 healthy controls (HC). 30 ml urine sample collected from each study participant. Solid phase extraction method used for urine purification. Liquid chromatography attached with mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) used for the citrate concentration determination. Logistic regression method used for diagnostic model prediction.

Findings: Urinary citrate level was higher in IgAN patients by more than two and half times in comparison to HC. We made logistic regression model with citrate, urine protein, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urine pH, systolic and diastolic blood pressure as variables. Citrate with urine protein was found to be the best fit statistical model with area under curve 0.77 and sensitivity and specificity more than 0.70 and 0.80, respectively.

Applications: Urinary citrate with urine protein can be used for the early prediction of IgAN.

Keywords: IgAN, Citrate, Urine Protein, Kidney Stone.