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Scoping decades of dog evidence: a scoping review of dog bite-related sequelae

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Abstract

Objectives

There has been considerable literature published focusing on various sequelae to dog bites over the last three decades. Much of the literature has focused on rabies, particularly canine rabies variant, which accounts for the majority of rabies deaths worldwide. This paper describes the complications, the pathogens, and other sequelae resulting from dog bites documented in the literature.

Methods

This paper used evidence found through a scoping review which charted the published peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed gray literature and online information relating to dog bite incidents. Each complication or sequela was additionally assessed from the viewpoint of Canadian Indigenous, rural, and geographically remote communities, which experience a high number of dog bite incidents annually.

Synthesis

Peer-reviewed literature (N = 693; case report, original research, and review articles) provided detailed information on specific pathogens, infections, and diseases of interest, especially rabies. However, in addition to these, the sequelae from dog bites may include moderate to severe injuries that further result in anxiety around dogs or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Conclusions

While a lot of focus in the literature is on rabies as a sequela to dog bites, the impacts of anxiety and PTSD are not as well articulated. Treatment of dog bite injuries may be standardized; however, improved collaborations between diverse health professionals (physicians, veterinarians, counseling services, animal behaviourists, and others) could be of considerable benefit in decreasing the effects of dog bites.

Résumé

Objectifs

De nombreux documents ont été publiés sur diverses séquelles des morsures canines au cours des trois dernières décennies. Une grande partie de la littérature s’est concentrée sur la rage, en particulier la variante canine, qui représente la majorité des décès mondiaux par rage. Cet article décrit les complications, les maladies et d’autres séquelles résultant des morsures canines documentées dans la littérature.

Méthodes

Cet examen de la portée a permis de dresser la liste de la littérature publiée et grise, et de l’information en ligne afin d’examiner les conséquences identifiées des incidents des morsures canines. Chaque complication ou séquelle a également été évaluée du point de vue des communautés autochtones, rurales et éloignées du Canada, qui subissent chaque année un nombre élevé de morsures de chien.

Synthèse

La littérature évaluée par des pairs (N = 693; rapport de cas, travaux de recherche originaux et articles de synthèse) a fourni des informations assez détaillées sur des agents pathogènes spécifiques, des infections et des maladies d’intérêt, en particulier la rage. Cependant, en plus de celles-ci, les séquelles des morsures canines peuvent inclure des blessures modérées à graves qui peuvent entraîner davantage d’anxiété à propos des chiens ou des difficultés avec le stress post-traumatique (SSPT).

Conclusions

Même si la littérature sur les séquelles des morsures canines se concentre beaucoup sur la rage, les effets de l’anxiété et du SSPT ne sont pas aussi bien exprimés. Bien que le traitement des blessures par morsures canines puisse être normalisé, le développement de liens entre plusieurs professionnels de la santé (les médecins, les vétérinaires, les services de conseil, les comportementalistes et d’autres professionnels de la santé) pourrait avoir l’énorme avantage de réduire les effets des morsures de chien.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada

    Jasmine Dhillon & Tasha Epp

  2. Animal Health Science Directorate, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1400 Merivale Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0Y9, Canada

    Jasmine Dhillon

  3. SPCA Fiji Islands, 155 Foster Rd, Walu Bay, Suva, Fiji

    Jessica Hoopes

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  1. Jasmine Dhillon
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  2. Jessica Hoopes
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  3. Tasha Epp
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Correspondence to Tasha Epp.

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Dhillon, J., Hoopes, J. & Epp, T. Scoping decades of dog evidence: a scoping review of dog bite-related sequelae. Can J Public Health 110, 364–375 (2019). https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-018-0145-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-018-0145-3

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