Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Ontario’s Healthy Babies Healthy Children Screen tool: identifying postpartum families in need of home visiting services in Ottawa, Canada

  • Population Health Intervention Research
  • Published:
Canadian Journal of Public Health Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Intervention

Across Ontario, the Healthy Babies Healthy Children (HBHC) postpartum screening tool is routinely used to identify families with potential risk of negative development outcomes for children.

Research question

To identify screening questions associated with subsequent high-risk in-depth assessment (IDA) in order to prioritize services.

Methods

Ottawa families who gave birth (2013–2016) consented to the postpartum HBHC Screen (N = 29,162). Maternal socio-demographics, perinatal indicators, and 36 questions assessing pregnancy/birth, family, parenting, infant development, and health professional observations were analyzed for association with a high-risk IDA using regression analysis.

Results

Upon first screen, 51% of families scored two or more risks. Most commonly, labour/delivery complications (27%), previous loss (26%), health professional concerns (22%), and mental illness (17%) were identified. Among IDA completions, 41% were assessed as high risk and this proportion increased when screened with 4+ risks. Characteristics associated with high-risk IDA among families scoring two or three included the following: maternal age ≤ 19 years (aRR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.50–2.80), 20–29 years (1.3, 1.12–1.53), ≥ 35 years (1.2, 1.04–1.45); combination breast and formula feeding on discharge (1.2, 1.03–1.37); < 18 years old at birth of first child (1.7, 1.13–2.43); single parent and no partner involved (1.6, 1.07–2.33); high school incomplete (1.8, 1.45–2.35); newcomer support needed (1.8, 1.43–2.17); financial concerns (1.6, 1.27–2.14); history of mental illness (1.2, 1.01–1.33); and parent disability (1.7, 1.09–2.78).

Conclusion

While offering the IDA when scoring 2+ risks is a provincial requirement, practices of increasing effort toward contacting families screened with 4+ risks are substantiated. An adapted approach to prioritize families screened with two or three risks is described.

Résumé

Intervention

L’outil de dépistage post-partum du programme Bébés en santé, enfants en santé (BSES) est utilisé couramment partout en Ontario pour cibler les familles dont les enfants sont à risque d’obtenir des résultats négatifs en matière de développement.

Question de recherche

Déterminer les questions de dépistage associées à une cote de risque élevé suite à une évaluation approfondie (ÉA) afin de hiérarchiser les services.

Méthodes

Familles d’Ottawa ayant donné naissance entre 2013 et 2016 et ayant consenti à subir le dépistage post-partum du programme BSES (N = 29,162). Les données sociodémographiques de la mère, les indicateurs de la santé périnatale et 36 questions évaluant la grossesse, l’accouchement, la famille, la vie parentale, le développement du nourrisson et les observations des professionnels de la santé ont été étudiés au moyen d’une analyse de régression en vue de déterminer leurs liens avec la cote de risque élevée obtenue à l’ÉA.

Résultats

Le premier dépistage a permis de cibler deux facteurs de risque ou plus chez 51% des familles. Ces facteurs étaient le plus souvent les complications durant le travail ou l’accouchement (27%), une fausse-couche ou le décès d’un bébé par le passé (26%), des inquiétudes des professionnels de la santé (22%) et des antécédents de maladies mentales (17%). Chez les familles ayant subi une ÉA, 41% avaient une cote de risque élevé; cette proportion augmentait lorsque quatre facteurs de risque ou plus avaient été identifiés. Les caractéristiques associées à une cote de risque élevé à l’ÉA chez les familles ayant obtenu deux ou trois facteurs de risque étaient les suivantes: âge maternel ≤ 19 ans (RR ajusté = 2,0; IC 95% 1,50 à 2,80), 20 à 29 ans (1,3; 1,12 à 1,53), ≥ 35 ans (1,2; 1,04 à 1,45); combinaison d’allaitement maternel et artificiel au moment du congé (1,2; 1,03 à 1,37); âge de la mère à la naissance du premier enfant < 18 ans (1,7; 1,13 à 2,43); parent monoparental et sans partenaire (1,6; 1,07 à 2,33); études secondaires non terminées (1,8; 1,45 à 2,35); besoin de soutien pour nouvel arrivant (1,8; 1,43 à 2,17); problèmes financiers (1,6; 1,27 à 2,14); antécédents de maladie mentale (1,2; 1,01 à 1,33); handicap du parent (1,7; 1,09 à 2,78).

Conclusion

Bien que le gouvernement provincial exige qu’une évaluation approfondie soit offerte lorsque le risque équivaut à deux ou plus, il est justifié d’accroître les efforts pour joindre les familles ayant quatre facteurs de risques ou plus à l’issue du dépistage. Une approche adaptée permettant d’accorder la priorité aux familles ayant obtenu deux ou trois risques sera décrite.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alton, G., Morrison, P., Dominic, B., & Mamdani, R. (2017). From paper to paperless: improving outcomes and efficiency of postpartum HBHC. 2017 Association of Public Health Epidemiologists of Ontario (APHEO) Conference. Guelph: APHEO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barros, A. J., & Hirakata, V. N. (2003). Alternatives for logistic regression in cross-sectional studies: an empirical comparison of models that directly estimate the prevalence ratio. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 3, 21.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Belsky, J. (2005. Available at). Social-contextual determinants of parenting. Montreal, Quebec: Centre of Excellence for Early Childhood. Development http://www.child-encyclopedia.com/Pages/PDF/BelskyANGxp-Parenting.pdf (Accessed 2016 June 30).

  • Bernard-Bonnin, A. (2004). Psychosocial Paediatrics Committee of the Canadian Paediatric Society. Maternal depression and child development. Paediatrics & Child Health, 9(8), 575–598.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bradley, R. H., & Corwyn, R. F. (2002). Socioeconomic status and child development. Annual Review of Psychology, 53(1), 371.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Canadian Council on Social Determinants of Health(2015) A review of frameworks on the determinants of health.

  • Human Resources and Skills Development Canada (2008) Public Health Agency of Canada, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. The well-being of Canada’s young children 2011. Ottawa, Ontario.

  • Kim, J., & Krall, J. (2006). Literature review: effects of prenatal substance exposure on infant and early childhood outcomes. Berkeley, CA: National Abandoned Infants Assistance Resource Center, University of California at Berkeley.

  • Mikkonen, J., & Raphael, D. (2010). Social determinants of health: the Canadian facts. Toronto: York University School of Health Policy and Management.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Children and Youth Services (2012) Healthy Babies Healthy Children Screen validation phase 1 final report.

  • Ministry of Children and Youth Services (2014) Healthy Babies Healthy Children phase 2 screen validation: final report.

  • O'Brien, K. (2016) Identification of at risk infants and families. [Presentation]: Best Start Resource Centre. Available at: https://healthnexus.adobeconnect.com/_a1137761304/p7ytrtyzy0s/?launcher=false&fcsContent=true&pbMode=normal (Accessed 2017 March 3).

  • Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion (Public Health Ontario). (2014). Healthy Babies Healthy Children process implementation evaluation: executive summary. Toronto: Queen’s Printer for Ontario.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ontario Ministry of Children and Youth Services. (2012). Healthy Babies Healthy Children Guidance Document. Toronto: Queen’s Printer for Ontario.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ottawa Public Health. (2016). Home visit count as a result of moderate or high risk postpartum in-depth assessments, 1-April-2013 to 31-December-2015. Ottawa: Integrated Services for Children Information System (ISCIS) [Dataset].

    Google Scholar 

  • Ottawa Public Health. In-depth assessment results. (2017). 1-April-2013 to 31-December-2016. Ottawa: Integrated Services for Children Information System (ISCIS) [Dataset].

    Google Scholar 

  • Phipps, S., & Lethbridge, L. (2006). Income and the outcomes of children. Ottawa: Statistics Canada.

  • Ramchandani, P., & Psychogiou, L. (2009). Paternal psychiatric disorders and children’s psychosocial development. The Lancet, 374(9690), 646–653.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sword, W. A., Krueger, P. D., & Watt, M. S. (2006). Predictors of acceptance of a postpartum public health nurse home visit: findings from an Ontario survey. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 97(3), 191–196.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wilber, S. T., & Fu, R. (2010). Risk ratios and odds ratios for common events in cross-sectional and cohort studies. Academic Emergency Medicine, 17(6), 649–651.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wooten, B., & Dowsett, K. (2012). A new model of care for low-risk postpartum families. The Canadian Nurse, 108(2), 20–22.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We would like to recognize and thank all of the nurses, midwives, physicians, and Ottawa families who took the time to complete the HBHC Screen.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Katherine Russell.

Ethics declarations

Families giving birth in Ottawa between April 1, 2013, and December 31, 2016, were asked for consent to participate in the HBHC Screen either by a hospital nurse (before discharge), midwife, public health nurse, or other health professionals. This study was approved by the Ottawa Public Health Research Ethics Board.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Russell, K., Gilbert, L., Hébert, D. et al. Ontario’s Healthy Babies Healthy Children Screen tool: identifying postpartum families in need of home visiting services in Ottawa, Canada. Can J Public Health 109, 386–394 (2018). https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-018-0052-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-018-0052-7

Keywords

Mots-clés

Navigation