Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2014, 50(2):92-99 | DOI: 10.17221/139/2013-CJGPB

Modern methods for genetic improvement of Trifolium pratense.Review

Jana ŘEPKOVÁ1, Jan NEDĚLNÍK2
1 Department of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
2 Agricultural Research, Troubsko, Czech Republic

This review focuses on trends in genetic improvement of a significant representative forage crop, Trifolium pratense (red clover) classified taxonomically into the agronomically outstanding family Fabaceae. Red clover breeding is aimed at improving traits like persistency, resistance to biotic and abiotic factors, forage yield and quality characteristics such as protein quality and stability. Isoflavone content in forage is important for cattle reproduction. Interspecific hybridization of red clover with the related wild species T. medium was used for the introgression of useful traits into red clover. The breeding strategy for the new variety Pramedi included hybrid plants with different DNA contents, repeated backcrosses with red clover, followed by family selection. New techniques of molecular genetics are becoming available to breeders for transferring key and complex traits into improved red clover varieties. Techniques such as marker-assisted selection and candidate gene identification can increase the speed and precision with which traits may be selected. Comparative sequence data analyses helped to identify genes for polyphenol oxidase enzymes and isoflavone synthase in red clover useful for DNA genotyping of individuals and breeding of improved high-quality red clover varieties.

Keywords: candidate gene; genetic marker; molecular genetics; red clover; wide hybridization

Published: June 30, 2014  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
ŘEPKOVÁ J, NEDĚLNÍK J. Modern methods for genetic improvement of Trifolium pratense. Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed.. 2014;50(2):92-99. doi: 10.17221/139/2013-CJGPB.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Abberton M.T. (2007): Interspecific hybridization in the genus Trifolium. Plant Breeding, 126: 337-342. Go to original source...
    2. Ansari H.A., Ellison N.W., Griffiths A.G., Williams W.M. (2004): A lineage-specific centromeric satellite sequence in the genus Trifolium. Chromosome Research, 12: 1-11. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    3. Antonius-Klemola K. (1999): Molecular markers in Rubus (Rosaceae) research and breeding. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 74: 149-160. Go to original source...
    4. Arumuganathan K., Earle E.D. (1991): Nuclear DNA content of some important plant species. Plant Molecular Biology Report, 9: 208-218. Go to original source...
    5. Bennett M.D., Bhandol P., Leitch I.J. (2000): Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms and their modern uses - 807 new estimates. Annals of Botany, 86: 859-909. Go to original source...
    6. Bulletin of the Central Institute For Supervising and Testing in Agriculture (2013): Czech Gazette for Plant Breeders Rights and National List of Plant Varieties, No. XII/S of 30 June 2013.
    7. Campos de Quiroz H., Ortega Klose F. (2001): Genetic variability among elite red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) parents used in Chile as revealed by RAPD markers. Euphytica, 122: 61-67. Go to original source...
    8. Cannon S.B., Sterck L., Rombauts S., Sato S., Cheung F., Gouzy J., Wang X., Mudge J., Vasdewani J., Schiex T. et al. (2006): Legume genome evolution viewed through the Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus genomes. Proceedings of National Academy of Science USA, 103: 14959-14964. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    9. Collins G.B., Taylor N.L., Phillips G.C. (1981): Successful hybridization of red clover with perennial Trifolium species via embryo rescue. In: Proc. 14th Int. Grassland Congress. Lexington, 168-170.
    10. Ellison N.W., Liston A., Steiner J.J., Williams W.M. Taylor N.L. (2006): Molecular phylogenetics of the clover genus (Trifolium - Leguminosae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 39: 688-705. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    11. Farag M.A., Huhman D.V., Dixon R.A., Sumner L.W. (2008): Metabolomics reveals novel pathways and differential mechanistic and elicitor-specific responses in phenylpropanoid and isoflavonoid biosynthesis in Medicago truncatula cell cultures. Plant Physiology, 146: 387-402. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    12. Greene S.L., Gritsenko M., Vandemark G. (2004): Relating morphologic and RAPD marker variation to collection site environment in wild populations of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Genetic Research and Crop Evolution, 51: 643-653. Go to original source...
    13. Grime J.P., Mowforth M.A. (1982): Variation in genome size - an ecological interpretation. Nature, 299: 151-153. Go to original source...
    14. Gustine D.L., Voigt P.W., Brummer E.C., Papadopoulos Y.A. (2002): Genetic variation of RAPD markers for North American white clover collections and cultivars. Crop Science, 42: 343-347. Go to original source...
    15. Herrmann D., Boller B., Widmer F., Kölliker R. (2005): Optimization of bulked AFLP analysis and its application for exploring diversity of natural and cultivated populations of red clover. Genome, 48: 474-486. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    16. Herrmann D., Boller B., Studer B., Widmer F., Kölliker R. (2006): QTL analysis of seed yield components in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 112: 536-545. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    17. Hughes J.W. (1986): Tissue culture derived crossing barriers. American Journal of Botany, 73: 323-329. Go to original source...
    18. Isobe S., Sawai A., Yamaguchi H., Gau M., Uchiyama K. (2002): Breeding potential of the backcross progenies of a hybrid between Trifolium medium × T. pratense to T. pratense. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 82: 395-399. Go to original source...
    19. Isobe S., Klimenko I., Ivashuta S., Gau M., Kozlov N. N. (2003): First RFLP linkage map of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) base on cDNA probes and its transferability to other red clover germplasm, Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 108: 105-112. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    20. Isobe S., Kölliker R., Hisano H., Sasamoto S., Wada T., Klimenko I., Okumura K., Tabata S. (2009): Construction of a consensus linkage map for red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). BMC Plant Biology, 9: 57. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    21. Isobe S.N., Hisano H., Sato S. et al. (2012). Comparative genetic mapping and discovery of linkage disequilibrium across linkage groups in white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Genes Genomes Genetics, 2: 607-6017. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    22. Jakešová H., Řepková J., Hampel D., Čechová L., Hofbauer J. (2011): Variation of morphological and agronomic traits in hybrids of Trifolium pratense × T. medium and a comparison with the parental species. Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 47: 28-36. Go to original source...
    23. Jones B.A., Hatfield R.D., Muck R.E. (1995): Screening legume forages for soluble phenols, polyphenol oxidace and extrakt browning. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 67: 109-112. Go to original source...
    24. Kataoka R., Hara M., Kato S., Isobe S., Sato S., Tabata S., Ohmido N. (2012): Integration of linkage and chromosome maps of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Cytogenetic and Genome Research, 137: 60-69. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    25. Kazimierska E.M. (1978): Embryological studies of cross compatibility in the genus Trifolium L. I. Hybridization of T. pratense L. with some species in the subgenus Lagopus Bernh. Genetica Polonica, 19: 1-12.
    26. Kazimierska E.M. (1980): Embryological studies of cross compatibility of species within the genus Trifolium. L. III. Development of the embryo and endosperm in crossing T. repens L. with T. hybridum L. and T. fragiferum L. Genetica Polonica, 21: 37-61.
    27. Khanlou K.M., Karimi M., Maroufi A. et al. (2011): Improvement of plant regeneration and Agrobacteriummediated genetic transformation efficiency in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Research Journal of Biotechnology, 6: 13-21.
    28. Klimenko I., Razgulayeva N., Gau M., Okumura K., Nakaya A., Tabata S., Kozlov N.N., Isobe S. (2010): Mapping candidate QTLs related to plant persistency in red clover. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 120: 1253-1263. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    29. Kölliker R., Herrmann D., Boller B., Widmer F. (2003): Swiss Mattenklee landraces, a distinct and diverse genetic resource of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 107: 306-315. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    30. Kongkiatngam P., Waterway M.J., Coulman B.E., Fortin M.G. (1996): Genetic variation among cultivars of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) detected by RAPD markers amplified from bulk genomic DNA. Euphytica, 89: 355-361. Go to original source...
    31. Lee M.R.F., Winters A.L., Scollan N.D., Dewhurst R.J., Theodorou M.K., Minchin F.R. (2004): Plant-mediated lipolysis and proteolysis in red clover with different polyphenol oxidases activities. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 84: 1639-1645. Go to original source...
    32. Lee M.R.F., Olmos Colmenero J.D.J., Winters A.L., Scollan N.D., Minchin F.R. (2006): Polyphenol oxidace activity in grass and its effect on plant-mediated lipolysis and proteolysis of Dactylis glomerata (cocksfoot) in a simulated rumen environment. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 86: 1503-1511. Go to original source...
    33. Macheix J.J., Sapis J.C., Fleurit A. (1991): Phenolic compounds and polyphenol oxidase in relation to browning grapes and wines. CRC Reviews of Food Science, 30: 441-486. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    34. Merker A. (1984): Hybrids between Trifolium medium and T. pratense. Hereditas, 101: 267-268. Go to original source...
    35. Merker A. (1988): Amphidiploids between Trifolium alpestre and T. pratense. Hereditas, 108: 267. Go to original source...
    36. Nedbalkova B., Repkova J., Bartosova L. (1995): Germplasm TBZP1, TBZP2, TBZP3, TBZP4 of interspecific Trifolium hybrids. Scientific Studies - Research Institute for Fodder Plants, Ltd. Troubsko, 13: 129-131.
    37. Pedrosa A., Sansal N., Stougaard J., Schweizer D., Bachmair A. (2002) : Chromosome map of the model legume Lotus japonicus. Genetics, 161: 1661-1672. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    38. Philips G.C., Collins G.B., Taylor N.T. (1982): Interspecific hybridization of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) with T. sarosiense Hazsl. using in vitro embryo rescue. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 62: 17-24. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    39. Phillips G.C., Grosser J.W., Buger S., Taylor N.L., Collins G.B. (1992): Interspecific hybridization between red clover and Trifolium alpestre using in vitro embryo rescue. Crop Science, 32: 1113-1115. Go to original source...
    40. Řepková J., Nedbálková B., Holub J. (1991): Regeneration of plants from zygotic embryos after interspecific hybridization within the genus Trifolium and electrophoretic evaluation of hybrids. Scientific Studies - Research Institute for Fodder Plants, Ltd. Troubsko, 12: 7-14.
    41. Řepková J., Jungmannová B., Jakešová H. (2003): Interspecific hybridisation prospects in the genus Trifolium. Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 39 (Special Issue): 306-308.
    42. Řepková, J., Jungmannová, B., Jakešová, H. (2006): Identification of barriers to interspecific crosses in the genus Trifolium. Euphytica, 151: 39-48. Go to original source...
    43. Riday H., Krohn A. L. (2010): Genetic map-based location of the red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) gametophytic self-incompatibility locus. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 121: 761-767. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    44. Rizza M.D., Real D., Reyno R., Porro V., Burgueno J., Errico E., Quesenberry K.H. (2007): Genetic diversity and DNA content of three South American and three Eurasiatic Trifolium species. Genetics and Molecular Biology, 30: 1118-1124. Go to original source...
    45. Sato S., Isobe S., Asamizu E. et al. (2005): Comprehensive structural analysis of the genome of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). DNA Research, 12: 301-364. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    46. Sato S., Nakamura Y., Asamizu E. Isobe S., Tabata S. (2007): Genome sequencing and and genome resouecing in model legumes. Plant Physiology, 144: 588-593. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    47. Sato S., Isobe S., Tabata S. (2010): Structural analyses of the genomes in legumes. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 13: 146-152. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    48. Sawai A., Ueda S., Gau M., Uchiyama K. (1990): Interspecific hybrids of Trifolium medium L. × 4x T. pratense L. obtained through embryo culture. Journal of Japan Society of Grassland Science, 35: 267-272.
    49. Schwer J.F., Cleveland R.W. (1972): Tetraploid and triploid interspecific hybrids of Trifolium pratense, T. diffusum and some telated species. Crop Science, 12: 419-422. Go to original source...
    50. Smith R.R., Taylor N.L., Bowley S.R. (1985): Red clover. In: Taylor N.L. (ed.): Clover Science and Technology. ASA-CSSA-SSSA, Madison, 457-470. Go to original source...
    51. Sullivan M.L., Hatfield R.D. (2006): Polyphenol oxidaxe and o-diphenols inhibit postharvest proteolysis in red clover and alfalfa. Crop Science, 46: 662- 670. Go to original source...
    52. Sullivan M.L., Hatfield R.D., Thoma S.L., Samac D.A. (2004): Cloning and characterization of red clover polyphenol oxidase cDNA and expression of active protein in Escherichia coli transgenic alfalfa. Plant Physiology, 136: 3234-3244. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    53. Taylor N.L., Quesenberry K.H. (1996): Red Clover Science. Kluwer Academy Publishing, Dordrecht, 170-187. Go to original source...
    54. Taylor N.L., Quale R.F., Anderson M.K. (1980): Methods of overcoming interspecific barriers in Trifolium. Euphytica, 29: 441-450. Go to original source...
    55. Townsend C.E., Taylor N.L. (1985): Incompatibility and plant breeding. In: Taylor N.L. (ed.): Clover Science and Technology. ASA-CSSA-SSSA, Madison, 365-381. Go to original source...
    56. Ulloa O., Ortega F., Campos H. (2003): Analysis of genetic diversity in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) breeding populations as revealed by RAPD genetic markers. Genome, 46: 529-535. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    57. Visnevschi-Necrasov T., Faria M.A., Cunha S.C., Harris J., Meimberg H.W.E., Curto M.A.C., Pereira M.G., Oliveira M.B.P.P., Nunes E. (2013): Isoflavone synthase (IFS) gene phylogeny in Trifolium species associated with plant isoflavone contents. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 299: 357-367. Go to original source...
    58. Vižintin L., Javornik B., Bohanec B. (2006): Genetic characterization of selected Trifolium species as revealed by nuclear DNA content and ITS rDNA region analysis. Plant Science, 170: 859- 866. Go to original source...
    59. Vogt M., Schweiger W. (1983): Study of the methodology of embryo culture in Trifolium. Archiv Zücht-Forschung, Berlin, 13: 273-283.
    60. Winters A., Heywood S., Farrar K., Donnison I., Thomas A., Webb K.J. (2009): Identification of an extensive gene cluster among a family of PPOs in Trifolium pratense L. (red clover) using a large insert BAC library. BMC Plant Biology, 9: 94 Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    61. Yildiz F. (ed.) (2005): Phytoestrogens in Functional Foods. Taylor and Francis Ltd., Boca Raton, 210-211. Go to original source...
    62. Zohary M., Heller D. (1984): The Genus Trifolium. Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem, Israel.

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content