Vet Med - Czech, 2022, 67(9):455-462 | DOI: 10.17221/127/2021-VETMED

Cannabidiol and the possibilities of its use in veterinary medicine of dogs and horses: A brief reviewReview

L Landa ORCID...1,2, V Trojan2, R Demlova1,3, J Jurica1,3, R Hrib2,4
1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
2 Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
3 Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
4 Centre for Pain Management, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic

In connection with the use of cannabinoids for therapeutic purposes in human medicine, there is increased attention for their use in veterinary medicine, particularly by the owners of companion animals and horses. Therefore, veterinarians are expected to face this interest and have the corresponding knowledge on these substances. Presently, it is not possible to use medical marijuana (in terms of the dried cannabis flowers) for veterinary purposes in many countries, but there is increasing evidence that isolated cannabinoids also have beneficial effects (namely cannabidiol - CBD). Thus, this review summarises the possible therapeutic implications of CBD within the scope of evidence-based medicine, particularly in dogs and horses in association with the treatment of pain, epilepsy and anxiety in order to provide veterinarians with a concise overview of scientific findings in this field.

Keywords: cannabidiol; cannabinoids; dogs; horses; pain treatment

Received: October 4, 2021; Accepted: April 12, 2022; Prepublished online: June 17, 2022; Published: September 15, 2022  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Landa L, Trojan V, Demlova R, Jurica J, Hrib R. Cannabidiol and the possibilities of its use in veterinary medicine of dogs and horses: A brief review. Vet Med-Czech. 2022;67(9):455-462. doi: 10.17221/127/2021-VETMED.
Download citation

References

  1. Atalay S, Jarocka-Karpowicz I, Skrzydlewska E. Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of cannabidiol. Antioxidants (Basel). 2019 Dec 25;9(1):21. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  2. Bartner LR, McGrath S, Rao S, Hyatt LK, Wittenburg LA. Pharmacokinetics of cannabidiol administered by 3 delivery methods at 2 different dosages to healthy dogs. Can J Vet Res. 2018 Jul;82(3):178-83.
  3. Brioschi FA, Di Cesare F, Gioeni D, Rabbogliatti V, Ferrari F, D'Urso ES, Amari M, Ravasio G. Oral transmucosal cannabidiol oil formulation as part of a multimodal analgesic regimen: Effects on pain relief and quality of life improvement in dogs affected by spontaneous osteoarthritis. Animals (Basel). 2020 Aug 26;10(9):1505. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  4. Chiocchetti R, Rinnovati R, Tagliavia C, Stanzani A, Galiazzo G, Giancola F, De Silva M, Capodanno Y, Spadari A. Localisation of cannabinoid and cannabinoid-related receptors in the equine dorsal root ganglia. Equine Vet J. 2021 May;53(3):549-57. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  5. Collins A, Porr S, Davis A. Pharmacokinetics of a single feeding of pelleted cannabidiol in horses. ORCA Travel & Research Grants [Internet]. 2019 Aug 1 [cited 2021 May 30]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.murraystate.edu/orcagrants/74.
  6. Daris B, Tancer Verboten M, Knez Z, Ferk P. Cannabinoids in cancer treatment: Therapeutic potential and legislation. Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 2019 Feb 12;19(1):14-23. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  7. Davis H. Novel analgesics and the impact of route of administration in the horse [PhD thesis]. Alabama: Auburn University; 2019.
  8. De Gregorio D, McLaughlin RJ, Posa L, Ochoa-Sanchez R, Enns J, Lopez-Canul M, Aboud M, Maione S, Comai S, Gobbi G. Cannabidiol modulates serotonergic transmission and reverses both allodynia and anxiety-like behavior in a model of neuropathic pain. Pain. 2019;160(1):136-50. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  9. de Mello Schier AR, de Oliveira Ribeiro NP, Coutinho DS, Machado S, Arias-Carrion O, Crippa JA, Zuardi AW, Nardi AE, Silva AC. Antidepressant-like and anxiolyticlike effects of cannabidiol: A chemical compound of Cannabis sativa. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2014;13(6): 953-60. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  10. Deabold KA, Schwark WS, Wolf L, Wakshlag JJ. Single-dose pharmacokinetics and preliminary safety assessment with use of CBD-rich hemp nutraceutical in healthy dogs and cats. Animals (Basel). 2019 Oct 19;9(10):832. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  11. Denapoli A, Denapoli C. Method of reducing stress and anxiety in equines. United States Patent. 2020 Apr; Patent No.: US 10,624,936 B2.
  12. Devinsky O, Cross JH, Laux L, Marsh E, Miller I, Nabbout R, Scheffer IE, Thiele EA, Wright S; Cannabidiol in Dravet Syndrome Study Group. Trial of cannabidiol for drugresistant seizures in the Dravet syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2017 May 25;376(21):2011-20. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  13. Draeger AL, Hoffman LK, Godwin PR, Davis AJ, Porr SA. Pharmacokinetics of a single feeding of pelleted cannabidiol in horses. Steeplechase: An ORCA Student Journal. 2020;4(2): [12].
  14. Ellis KL, Contino EK. Treatment using cannabidiol in a horse with mechanical allodynia. Equine Vet Educ. 2021;33(4): e79-e82. Go to original source...
  15. Freundt-Revilla J, Kegler K, Baumgartner W, Tipold A. Spatial distribution of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) in normal canine central and peripheral nervous system. PLoS One. 2017 Jul 10;12(7):e0181064. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  16. Gamble LJ, Boesch JM, Frye CW, Schwark WS, Mann S, Wolfe L, Brown H, Berthelsen ES, Wakshlag JJ. Pharmacokinetics, safety, and clinical efficacy of cannabidiol treatment in osteoarthritic dogs. Front Vet Sci. 2018;23 (5):165. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  17. Gaston TE, Friedman D. Pharmacology of cannabinoids in the treatment of epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2017 May;70 (Pt B):313-8. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  18. Ghovanloo MR, Shuart NG, Mezeyova J, Dean RA, Ruben PC, Goodchild SJ. Inhibitory effects of cannabidiol on voltage-dependent sodium currents. J Biol Chem. 2018 Oct 26;293(43):16546-58. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  19. Gusho CA, Court T. Cannabidiol: A brief review of its therapeutic and pharmacologic efficacy in the management of joint disease. Cureus. 2020 Mar 23;12(3): e7375. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  20. Jiang R, Yamaori S, Takeda S, Yamamoto I, Watanabe K. Identification of cytochrome P450 enzymes responsible for metabolism of cannabidiol by human liver microsomes. Life Sci. 2011 Aug 1;89(5-6):165-70. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  21. Jones K, Thomas E, Draeger A, Porr S. Evaluation of CBD supplementation in the horse [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2021 Aug 10]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.murraystate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3402&context=postersatthecapitol.
  22. Kogan L, Schoenfeld-Tacher R, Hellyer P, Rishniw M. US veterinarians' knowledge, experience, and perception regarding the use of cannabidiol for canine medical conditions. Front Vet Sci. 2019a Jan 10;5:338. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  23. Kogan L, Hellyer P, Schoenfeld-Tacher R. Dog owners' use and perceptions of cannabis products. Can Vet J. 2019b Jul;60(7):749-55. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  24. Kogan L, Hellyer P, Downing R. The use of cannabidiol-rich hemp oil extract to treat canine osteoarthritis-related pain: A pilot study. AHVMA J. 2020;58:35-45.
  25. Krause A. CBD case studies: Anxiety and epilepsy [Internet]. Innovative Veterinary Care Journal. 2019 [cited 2021 Aug 10]. Available from: https://ivcjournal.com/CBDcase-studies/.
  26. Landa L, Sulcova A, Gbelec P. The use of cannabinoids in animals and therapeutic implications for veterinary medicine: A review. Vet Med-Czech. 2016;61(3):111-22. Go to original source...
  27. Laprairie RB, Bagher AM, Kelly ME, Denovan-Wright EM. Cannabidiol is a negative allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor. Br J Pharmacol. 2015 Oct;172(20): 4790-805. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  28. Lehmann C, Fisher NB, Tugwell B, Szczesniak A, Kelly M, Zhou J. Experimental cannabidiol treatment reduces early pancreatic inflammation in type 1 diabetes. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2016;64(4):655-62. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  29. Maa E, Figi P. The case for medical marijuana in epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2014 Jun;55(6):783-6. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  30. Masataka N. Anxiolytic effects of repeated cannabidiol treatment in teenagers with social anxiety disorders. Front Psychol. 2019 Nov 8;10:2466. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  31. McGrath S, Bartner LR, Rao S, Kogan LR, Hellyer PW. A report of adverse effects associated with the administration of cannabidiol in healthy dogs. J Amer Holistic Vet Med Assoc. 2018;52:34-8.
  32. McGrath S, Bartner LR, Rao S, Packer RA, Gustafson DL. Randomized blinded controlled clinical trial to assess the effect of oral cannabidiol administration in addition to conventional antiepileptic treatment on seizure frequency in dogs with intractable idiopathic epilepsy. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2019 Jun 1;254(11):1301-8. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  33. Mechoulam R, Shvo Y. The structure of cannabidiol. Tetrahedron. 1963 Dec;19(12):2073-8. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  34. Mejia S, Duerr FM, Griffenhagen G, McGrath S. Evaluation of the effect of cannabidiol on naturally occurring osteoarthritis-associated pain: A pilot study in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2021 Mar 1;57(2):81-90. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  35. Mercer MA, Davis JL. Cannabinoids in veterinary medicine: Is there evidence to support the trend? Equine Vet Educ. 2021;33(4):177-9. Go to original source...
  36. Mlost J, Bryk M, Starowicz K. Cannabidiol for pain treatment: Focus on pharmacology and mechanism of action. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Nov 23;21(22):8870. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  37. Morales P, Hurst DP, Reggio PH. Molecular targets of the phytocannabinoids: A complex picture. Prog Chem Org Nat Prod. 2017;103:103-31. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  38. Ohlsson A, Lindgren JE, Andersson S, Agurell S, Gillespie H, Hollister LE. Single-dose kinetics of deuterium-labelled cannabidiol in man after smoking and intravenous administration. Biomed Environ Mass Spectrom. 1986 Feb; 13(2):77-83. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  39. Peng J, Fan M, An C, Ni F, Huang W, Luo J. A narrative review of molecular mechanism and therapeutic effect of cannabidiol (CBD). Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2022 Apr;130(4):439-56. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  40. Preedy VR. Handbook of cannabis and related pathologies: Biology, pharmacology, diagnosis, and treatment. Amsterdam: Academic Press; 2017. 1143 p.
  41. Rodriguez-Munoz M, Onetti Y, Cortes-Montero E, Garzon J, Sanchez-Blazquez P. Cannabidiol enhances morphine antinociception, diminishes NMDA-mediated seizures and reduces stroke damage via the sigma 1 receptor. Mol Brain. 2018 Sep 17;11(1):51. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  42. Samara E, Bialer M, Mechoulam R. Pharmacokinetics of cannabidiol in dogs. Drug Metab Dispos. 1988 MayJun;16(3):469-72.
  43. Seltzer ES, Watters AK, MacKenzie D Jr, Granat LM, Zhang D. Cannabidiol (CBD) as a promising anti-cancer drug. Cancers (Basel). 2020 Oct 30;12(11):3203. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  44. Simpson AC, Bradley CV, Schissler JR. Probable cutaneous adverse drug reaction due to a cannabidiol-containing hemp oil product in a dog. Vet Dermatol. 2020 Oct;31(5): 404-e108. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  45. Stout SM, Cimino NM. Exogenous cannabinoids as substrates, inhibitors, and inducers of human drug metabolizing enzymes: A systematic review. Drug Metab Rev. 2014 Feb;46(1):86-95. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  46. Verrico CD, Wesson S, Konduri V, Hofferek CJ, VazquezPerez J, Blair E, Dunner K Jr, Salimpour P, Decker WK, Halpert MM. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of daily cannabidiol for the treatment of canine osteoarthritis pain. Pain. 2020 Sep 1;161(9):2191-202. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  47. Wessmann A, Stalin K, Kisielewicz C; BSAVA Scientific Committee. Use of cannabidiol (CBD) in dogs and cats [Internet]. BSAVA Library. 2021 [cited 2022 Apr 3]. Available from: https://www.bsavalibrary.com/content/chapter/10.22233/9781910443514.chap8#html_fulltext.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.