Research Article
Abstract
Thanks
This topic was presented at 5th International Early Childhood Education Congress.
References
- American Educational Research Association (2011). Code of Ethics: American Educational Research Association Approved by the AERA Council February 2011. Educational Researcher, 40(3): 145–156. Bourke, R., & Loveridge, H. (2014). Exploring informed consent and dissent through children's participation in educational research. International Journal of Research & Method in Education, 37(2), 151- 165. Bourke, R, Loveridge, H., O’Neill, J., Erueti, B., & Jamieson, A. (2017) A sociocultural analysis of the ethics of involving children in educational research. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 21(3), 259-271. Cousins, W., & Milner, S. (2007). Small voices: Children’s rights and representation in social work research. Social Work Education, 26(5), 447-457. Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage Publications: Thousand Oaks, California. Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Creswell, J. W. (2008). Educational Research. Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research (3rd Ed.). Pearson Education: New Jersey. Danby, S. & Farrell, A. (2004). Accounting for Young Children’s Competence in Educational Research: New Perspectives on Research Ethics. The Australian Educational Researcher, 31 (3), 35- 49. Dixon-Woods, M., Young, B., & Heney, D. (1999). Partnerships with children. British Medical Journal, 319, 778–780. Dockett, S., & Perry, B. (2007). Transition to School. Perceptions, Expectations and Experiences. UNSW Press. Ebrahim, H. B. (2010) Situated ethics: possibilities for young children as research participants in the South African context, Early Child Development and Care, 180 (3), 289-298. Gall, M. D., Gall, J. P., & Borg, W. R. (2003). Educational Research: An introduction (7th Ed.). Allyn and Bacon: Boston. Goodenough, T., E., Williamson, J. K., & Ashcroft, R. (2003). What did you think about that? Researching children’s perceptions of participation in a longitudinal genetic and epidemiological study. Children and Society, 17, 113–25 Graham, A., Powell, M., & Taylor, N. (2015). Ethical Research Involving Children: Encouraging Reflexive Engagement in Research with Children and Young People. Children & Society, 29, 331-343. Graham, A., Powell, M., Taylor, N., Anderson, D. & Fitzgerald, R. (2013). Ethical Research Involving Children. Florence: UNICEF Office of Research - Innocenti. Harcourt, D. & Conroy, H. (2005) Informed assent: Ethics and processes when researching with young children, Early Child Development and Care, 175(6), 567-577. Hood, S., Kelley, P. & Mayall, B. (1996) Children as research subjects; a risky enterprise. Children and Society, 10, 117–128. Kennan, D., Fives, A., & Canavan, J. (2012). Accessing a hard to reach population: Reflections on research with young careers in Ireland. Child and Family Social Work, 17, 275-283. Masson, J. (2004). The legal context. In S., Fraser, V., Lewis, S., Ding, M., Kellett, & C., Robinson, (Eds.), Doing Research with Children and Young People (pp-43-58). London: Sage. Merriam, S. B. (1998). Qualitative research and case study applications in education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers. Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers. Mishna, F., Antle, B. J., & Regehr, C. (2004). Tapping the perspectives of children: Emerging ethical issues in qualitative research. Qualitative Social Work, 3(4), 449-468. Morrow, V., & Richards, M. (1996). The ethics of social research with children: An overview, Children and Society, 10, 90–105. Morse, J. M. (1998). Designing Funded Qualitative Research. In Denzin, N. K. & Lincoln, Y. S. (Eds.). Strategy of Qualitative Inquiry (pp. 56- 85). Sage Publication: Thousand Oaks, California. Palaiologou, I (2014). Do we hear what children want to say? Ethical praxis when choosing research tools with children under five. Early Child Development and Care, 184(5), 689-705. Parsons, S., Abbott, C., McKnight, L., & Davies, C. (2015). High risk yet invisible: Conflicting narratives on social research involving children and young people, and the role of research ethics committees. British Educational Research Journal, 41 (4), 709- 729. Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd Ed.). Sage Publication: Thousand Oaks, California. Pillay, J. (2014). Ethical considerations in educational research involving children: Implications for educational researchers in South Africa. South African Journal of Childhood Education, 4(2), 194- 212. Punch, S. (2002) Research with children: the same or different from research with adults? Childhood, 9(3), 321-341. Ridge, T., & Millar, J. (2000). Excluding children: Autonomy, friendship and the experience of the care system, Social Policy and Administration, 34(2), 160–175. Sargeant, J., & Harcourt, D. (2012). Doing Ethical Research with Children. England: Open University Press. Skelton, T. (2008). Research with children and young people: Exploring the tensions between ethics, competence and participation. Children‘s Geographies 6(1), 21–36. Stalker, K., Carpenter, J., Conners, C. & Phillips, R. (2004). Ethical issues in social research: difficulties encountered gaining access to children in hospital for research. Child: Care, Health & Development, 30(4), 377- 383. Thomas, N., & O’Kane, C. (1998). The ethics of participatory research with children, Children & Society, 12, 336–348. Valentine, G., Butler, R. & Skelton, T. (2001) The ethical and methodological complexities of doing research with ‘vulnerable’ young people. Ethics, Place and Environment, 4(2), 119– 125. UNCRC (1989). Convention on the Rights of the Child. Retrieved from https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx.
Ethics in research including young children: Views and experiences of researchers
Abstract
Involving young
children in research is noteworthy since it ensures to understand their world
and values their existence through making experiences and views of children
evident. Ethical considerations in research including children have some core
principles namely justice, beneficence and non-maleficence, and respect.
Through putting those principles and guides into the center, current research
made effort to determine views and experiences of researchers concerning the
ethical issues/dilemmas in research involving preschool aged children. 15
researchers who conducted at least one study with preschool aged children were
reached through criterion sampling. Findings revealed some considerations in
harms and benefits, informed consent, privacy, confidentiality and payment
related issues in the research including young children. Although the fact that
all research should consider ethical
issues as a prerequisite for studying with human subjects, there should
be some more considerations to conduct research with young children.
Keywords
Early childhood education ethical principles ethical dilemmas child participation phenomenology
References
- American Educational Research Association (2011). Code of Ethics: American Educational Research Association Approved by the AERA Council February 2011. Educational Researcher, 40(3): 145–156. Bourke, R., & Loveridge, H. (2014). Exploring informed consent and dissent through children's participation in educational research. International Journal of Research & Method in Education, 37(2), 151- 165. Bourke, R, Loveridge, H., O’Neill, J., Erueti, B., & Jamieson, A. (2017) A sociocultural analysis of the ethics of involving children in educational research. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 21(3), 259-271. Cousins, W., & Milner, S. (2007). Small voices: Children’s rights and representation in social work research. Social Work Education, 26(5), 447-457. Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage Publications: Thousand Oaks, California. Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Creswell, J. W. (2008). Educational Research. Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research (3rd Ed.). Pearson Education: New Jersey. Danby, S. & Farrell, A. (2004). Accounting for Young Children’s Competence in Educational Research: New Perspectives on Research Ethics. The Australian Educational Researcher, 31 (3), 35- 49. Dixon-Woods, M., Young, B., & Heney, D. (1999). Partnerships with children. British Medical Journal, 319, 778–780. Dockett, S., & Perry, B. (2007). Transition to School. Perceptions, Expectations and Experiences. UNSW Press. Ebrahim, H. B. (2010) Situated ethics: possibilities for young children as research participants in the South African context, Early Child Development and Care, 180 (3), 289-298. Gall, M. D., Gall, J. P., & Borg, W. R. (2003). Educational Research: An introduction (7th Ed.). Allyn and Bacon: Boston. Goodenough, T., E., Williamson, J. K., & Ashcroft, R. (2003). What did you think about that? Researching children’s perceptions of participation in a longitudinal genetic and epidemiological study. Children and Society, 17, 113–25 Graham, A., Powell, M., & Taylor, N. (2015). Ethical Research Involving Children: Encouraging Reflexive Engagement in Research with Children and Young People. Children & Society, 29, 331-343. Graham, A., Powell, M., Taylor, N., Anderson, D. & Fitzgerald, R. (2013). Ethical Research Involving Children. Florence: UNICEF Office of Research - Innocenti. Harcourt, D. & Conroy, H. (2005) Informed assent: Ethics and processes when researching with young children, Early Child Development and Care, 175(6), 567-577. Hood, S., Kelley, P. & Mayall, B. (1996) Children as research subjects; a risky enterprise. Children and Society, 10, 117–128. Kennan, D., Fives, A., & Canavan, J. (2012). Accessing a hard to reach population: Reflections on research with young careers in Ireland. Child and Family Social Work, 17, 275-283. Masson, J. (2004). The legal context. In S., Fraser, V., Lewis, S., Ding, M., Kellett, & C., Robinson, (Eds.), Doing Research with Children and Young People (pp-43-58). London: Sage. Merriam, S. B. (1998). Qualitative research and case study applications in education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers. Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers. Mishna, F., Antle, B. J., & Regehr, C. (2004). Tapping the perspectives of children: Emerging ethical issues in qualitative research. Qualitative Social Work, 3(4), 449-468. Morrow, V., & Richards, M. (1996). The ethics of social research with children: An overview, Children and Society, 10, 90–105. Morse, J. M. (1998). Designing Funded Qualitative Research. In Denzin, N. K. & Lincoln, Y. S. (Eds.). Strategy of Qualitative Inquiry (pp. 56- 85). Sage Publication: Thousand Oaks, California. Palaiologou, I (2014). Do we hear what children want to say? Ethical praxis when choosing research tools with children under five. Early Child Development and Care, 184(5), 689-705. Parsons, S., Abbott, C., McKnight, L., & Davies, C. (2015). High risk yet invisible: Conflicting narratives on social research involving children and young people, and the role of research ethics committees. British Educational Research Journal, 41 (4), 709- 729. Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd Ed.). Sage Publication: Thousand Oaks, California. Pillay, J. (2014). Ethical considerations in educational research involving children: Implications for educational researchers in South Africa. South African Journal of Childhood Education, 4(2), 194- 212. Punch, S. (2002) Research with children: the same or different from research with adults? Childhood, 9(3), 321-341. Ridge, T., & Millar, J. (2000). Excluding children: Autonomy, friendship and the experience of the care system, Social Policy and Administration, 34(2), 160–175. Sargeant, J., & Harcourt, D. (2012). Doing Ethical Research with Children. England: Open University Press. Skelton, T. (2008). Research with children and young people: Exploring the tensions between ethics, competence and participation. Children‘s Geographies 6(1), 21–36. Stalker, K., Carpenter, J., Conners, C. & Phillips, R. (2004). Ethical issues in social research: difficulties encountered gaining access to children in hospital for research. Child: Care, Health & Development, 30(4), 377- 383. Thomas, N., & O’Kane, C. (1998). The ethics of participatory research with children, Children & Society, 12, 336–348. Valentine, G., Butler, R. & Skelton, T. (2001) The ethical and methodological complexities of doing research with ‘vulnerable’ young people. Ethics, Place and Environment, 4(2), 119– 125. UNCRC (1989). Convention on the Rights of the Child. Retrieved from https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx.
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