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Enrichment of natural radionuclides along the emission control system of yatagan thermal coal fired power plant

Year 2017, Volume: 21 Issue: 6, 1434 - 1442, 01.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.298662

Abstract

In this study, fly ash and bottom ash which are generated in
Yatagan coal-fired thermal power plant in Mugla, Turkey and coal samples were
analyzed by Canberra HPGe (high-purity Germanium detector) gamma ray
spectrometry to determine the activity concentration of natural radionuclides
such as 238U, 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and
210Pb. Fly ash samples were collected at a total of 5 points along
the emission control system of the thermal power plant, namely: the water
pre-heater, (economizer), air preheater (LUVO) and the three rows of the
electrostatic precipitators (ESP). Triplicate samples were collected from the
same point, thus resulting in a total of 24 samples (coal, bottom ash and fly
ash). The amount of collected samples was around 1 kg from each sampling point.
The range of the activity concentrations obtained in this study were between
155±12 - 451±20 Bq kg-1 for 238U, 187±7 - 563±20 Bq kg-1
for 226Ra, 65±3 - 136±5 Bq kg-1 for 232Th,
305±18 - 831±29 Bq kg-1 for 40K and 186±20 - 1153±44 Bq
kg-1 for 210Pb. In this study, the activity index was
calculated and the lowest activity index was found in the ash sample taken from
water pre-heater point with a value of 2.37. If the building materials were to
be prepared from the ash samples which were taken in this study at a proportion
below 40%, the radiological issues can be ignored in terms of external gamma
radiation.

References

  • Kula, I., Olgun, A., Erdogan, Y., Sevinc, V. "Effects of Colemanite Waste, Cool Bottom Ash, and Fly Ash on the Properties of Cement". Cement and Concrete Research, 31, 491-494, 2001.
  • Topçu, İ.B., Canbaz, M. "Uçucu Kül Kullanımının Betondaki Etkileri". Osmangazi Üniversitesi Müh. Mim. Fak. Dergisi, XIV (2), 11-23, 2001.
  • Yıldız, T., Yıldız, C. "Soma Termik Santrali Uçucu Kül ve Polipropilen Atıklarının Yeni Bir Malzeme Üretiminde Değerlendirilmesi". Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 9, 163-169, 2003.
  • Ünal, O., Uygunoğlu, T. "Termik Santral Atığı Uçucu Külün İnşaat Sektöründe Değerlendirilmesi", Türkiye 14. Kömür Kongresi, Zonguldak, 2004, 311-321.
  • Basu, M., Pande, M., Bhadoria, P.B.S., Mahapatra, S.C. "Potential Fly-Ash Utilization in Agriculture: A Global Review". Progress in Natural Science, 19, 1173-1186, 2009.
  • Kovler, K. "Legislative Aspects of Radiation Hazards From Both Gamma Emitters and Radon Exhalation of Concrete Containing Coal Fly Ash". Construction and Building Materials, 25, 3404-3409, 2011.
  • Güler, G., Güler, E., İpekoğlu, Ü., Mordoğan, H. "Uçucu Küllerin Özellikleri ve Kullanım Alanları", Türkiye 19. Uluslararası Madencilik Kongresi ve Fuarı, İzmir, 2005, 419-423.
  • Tokyay, M., Erdoğdu, K. "Türkiye Termik Santrallarından Elde Edilen Uçucu Küllerin Karakterizasyonu". Türkiye Çimento Müstahsilleri Birliği, 1998, pp 70.
  • Hasani, F., Shala, F., Xhixha, G., Xhixha, M.K., Hodolli, G., Kadiri, S., Bylyku, E. "Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORMs) Generated From Lignite-Fired Power Plants in Kosovo". Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 138, 156-161, 2014.
  • Cutshall, N.H., Larsen, I.L., Orslen, C.R. "Direct Analysis of 210Pb in Sediment Samples: Self-Absorption Corrections". Nuclear Instruments and Methods In Physics Research, 206, 309-312, 1983.
  • Xhixha, G., Bezzon, G.P., Broggini, C., Buso, G.P., Caciolli, A., Callegari, I., De Bianchi, S., Fiorentini, G., Guastaldi, E., Mantovani, F., Massa, G., Menegazzo, R., Mou, L., Pasquini, A., Rossi Alvarez, C., Shyti, M., Xhixha Kaçeli, M. "The Worldwide NORM Production and a Fully Automated Gamma-Ray Spectrometer for Their Characterization". Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 295, 445-457, 2013.
  • Papastefanou, C. "Escaping Radioactivity from Coal-Fired Power Plants (CPPs) Due to Coal Burning and the Associated Hazards: A Review". Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 101, 191-200, 2010.
  • Coles, D.G., Ragaini, R.C., Ondov, J.M. "Behavior of Natural Radionuclides in Western Coal-Fired Power Plants". Environmental Science and Technology, 12, 442-446, 1978.
  • Coles, D.G., Ragaini, R.C., Ondov, J.M., Fischer, G.L., Silberman, D., Prentice, B.A. "Chemical Studies of Stack Fly Ash From A Coal-Fired Power Plant". Environmental Science and Technology, 13, 455-459, 1979.
  • Karangelos, D.J., Petropoulos, N.P., Anagnostakis, M.J., Hinis, E.P., Simopoulos, S.E. "Radiological Characteristics and Investigation of the Radioactive Equilibrium in the Ashes Produced in Lignite-Fired Power Plants". Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 77, 233-246, 2004.
  • Manolopoulou, M., Papastefanou, C. "Behavior of Natural Radionuclides in Lignites and Fly Ashes". Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 16, 261-271, 1992.
  • Vaasma, T., Kiisk, M., Meriste, T., Tkaczyk, A.H. "The Enrichment of Natural Radionuclides in Oil Shale-Fired Power Plants in Estonia - The Impact of New Circulating Fluidized Bed Technology". Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 129, 133-139, 2014a.
  • Vaasma, T., Kiisk, M., Meriste, T., Tkaczyk, A.H. "The Enrichment Behavior of Natural Radionuclides in Pulverized Oil Shale-Fired Power Plants". Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 138, 427-433, 2014b.
  • Turhan, Ş. "Assessment of the Natural Radioactivity and Radiological Hazards in Turkish Cement and its Raw Materials". Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 99, 404-414, 2008.
  • Kovler, K. "Radiological Constraints of Using Building Materials and Industrial By-Products in Construction". Construction and Building Materials, 23, 246-253, 2009.
  • Damla, N., Cevik, U., Kopya, Al., Celik, A., Celik, N., Van Grieken, R. "Radiation Dose Estimation and Mass Attenuation Coefficients of Cement Samples Used in Turkey". Journal of Hazardous Materials, 176, 644-649, 2010.
  • Kovler, K. " Does the Utilization of Coal Fly Ash in Concrete Construction Present A Radiation Hazard?". Construction and Building Materials, 29, 158-166, 2012.

Yatağan termik santrali emisyon kontrol sistemi boyunca doğal radyonüklid zenginleşmesi

Year 2017, Volume: 21 Issue: 6, 1434 - 1442, 01.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.298662

Abstract

Çalışmada, Yatağan kömür yakıtlı termik santralinden alınan
kömür ve çeşitli uçucu kül fraksiyonlarında
238U, 226Ra, 232Th,
40K ve 210Pb konsantrasyonları Canberra HPGe (yüksek
saflıklı Germanyum dedektörü) gama spektrometresi ile belirlenmiştir. Uçucu kül
örnekleri su ön ısıtıcı, hava ön ısıtıcı ve elektrostatik filtreler olmak üzere
termik santralin emisyon kontrol sistemi boyunca toplam 5 farklı noktadan
toplanmıştır. Aynı noktadan 3 örnek alınmış, böylece toplam 24 örnek (kömür,
dip külü ve uçucu kül) elde edilmiştir. Her örnekleme noktasından toplanan
örnek miktarı yaklaşık 1 kg’dır. Çalışma kapsamında elde edilen aktivite
konsantrasyonlarının
238U için 155±12 - 451±20 Bq kg-1, 226Ra
için 187±7 - 563±20 Bq kg
-1, 232Th için 65±3 - 136±5 Bq
kg
-1, 40K için 305±18 - 831±29 Bq kg-1 ve 210Pb
için 186±20 - 1153±44 Bq kg
-1 arasında değiştiği bulunmuştur.
Çalışmada aktivite indeksleri hesaplanmış olup, en düşük aktivite indeksi 2,37
değeri ile su ön ısıtıcı noktasından alınan kül örneklerinde bulunmuştur. Bina
materyali olarak bu çalışma kapsamında alınan uçucu kül örnekleri %40’ın
altında kullanılırsa, radyolojik sorunlar dış gama radyasyonu açısından göz
ardı edilebilir.
Çalışmada, Yatağan kömür yakıtlı
termik santralinden alınan kömür ve çeşitli uçucu kül fraksiyonlarında
238U,
226Ra, 232Th, 40K ve 210Pb konsantrasyonları
gama spektrometresi ile belirlenmiştir. Uçucu kül örnekleri termik santralin
emisyon kontrol sistemi boyunca farklı noktalardan toplanmıştır. Aktivite
indeksi, kazan altından alınan dip külü örnekleri ile su ön ısıtıcı, hava ön
ısıtıcı ve elektrostatik filtre kademelerinden alınan uçucu kül örneklerinde
ayrı ayrı hesaplanmıştır. En düşük aktivite indeksi, su ön ısıtıcı noktasından
alınan kül örneklerinde bulunmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; bina materyali
olarak %40’ın altında uçucu kül kullanılırsa, radyolojik sorunlar dış gama
radyasyonu açısından göz ardı edilebilir.

References

  • Kula, I., Olgun, A., Erdogan, Y., Sevinc, V. "Effects of Colemanite Waste, Cool Bottom Ash, and Fly Ash on the Properties of Cement". Cement and Concrete Research, 31, 491-494, 2001.
  • Topçu, İ.B., Canbaz, M. "Uçucu Kül Kullanımının Betondaki Etkileri". Osmangazi Üniversitesi Müh. Mim. Fak. Dergisi, XIV (2), 11-23, 2001.
  • Yıldız, T., Yıldız, C. "Soma Termik Santrali Uçucu Kül ve Polipropilen Atıklarının Yeni Bir Malzeme Üretiminde Değerlendirilmesi". Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 9, 163-169, 2003.
  • Ünal, O., Uygunoğlu, T. "Termik Santral Atığı Uçucu Külün İnşaat Sektöründe Değerlendirilmesi", Türkiye 14. Kömür Kongresi, Zonguldak, 2004, 311-321.
  • Basu, M., Pande, M., Bhadoria, P.B.S., Mahapatra, S.C. "Potential Fly-Ash Utilization in Agriculture: A Global Review". Progress in Natural Science, 19, 1173-1186, 2009.
  • Kovler, K. "Legislative Aspects of Radiation Hazards From Both Gamma Emitters and Radon Exhalation of Concrete Containing Coal Fly Ash". Construction and Building Materials, 25, 3404-3409, 2011.
  • Güler, G., Güler, E., İpekoğlu, Ü., Mordoğan, H. "Uçucu Küllerin Özellikleri ve Kullanım Alanları", Türkiye 19. Uluslararası Madencilik Kongresi ve Fuarı, İzmir, 2005, 419-423.
  • Tokyay, M., Erdoğdu, K. "Türkiye Termik Santrallarından Elde Edilen Uçucu Küllerin Karakterizasyonu". Türkiye Çimento Müstahsilleri Birliği, 1998, pp 70.
  • Hasani, F., Shala, F., Xhixha, G., Xhixha, M.K., Hodolli, G., Kadiri, S., Bylyku, E. "Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORMs) Generated From Lignite-Fired Power Plants in Kosovo". Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 138, 156-161, 2014.
  • Cutshall, N.H., Larsen, I.L., Orslen, C.R. "Direct Analysis of 210Pb in Sediment Samples: Self-Absorption Corrections". Nuclear Instruments and Methods In Physics Research, 206, 309-312, 1983.
  • Xhixha, G., Bezzon, G.P., Broggini, C., Buso, G.P., Caciolli, A., Callegari, I., De Bianchi, S., Fiorentini, G., Guastaldi, E., Mantovani, F., Massa, G., Menegazzo, R., Mou, L., Pasquini, A., Rossi Alvarez, C., Shyti, M., Xhixha Kaçeli, M. "The Worldwide NORM Production and a Fully Automated Gamma-Ray Spectrometer for Their Characterization". Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 295, 445-457, 2013.
  • Papastefanou, C. "Escaping Radioactivity from Coal-Fired Power Plants (CPPs) Due to Coal Burning and the Associated Hazards: A Review". Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 101, 191-200, 2010.
  • Coles, D.G., Ragaini, R.C., Ondov, J.M. "Behavior of Natural Radionuclides in Western Coal-Fired Power Plants". Environmental Science and Technology, 12, 442-446, 1978.
  • Coles, D.G., Ragaini, R.C., Ondov, J.M., Fischer, G.L., Silberman, D., Prentice, B.A. "Chemical Studies of Stack Fly Ash From A Coal-Fired Power Plant". Environmental Science and Technology, 13, 455-459, 1979.
  • Karangelos, D.J., Petropoulos, N.P., Anagnostakis, M.J., Hinis, E.P., Simopoulos, S.E. "Radiological Characteristics and Investigation of the Radioactive Equilibrium in the Ashes Produced in Lignite-Fired Power Plants". Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 77, 233-246, 2004.
  • Manolopoulou, M., Papastefanou, C. "Behavior of Natural Radionuclides in Lignites and Fly Ashes". Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 16, 261-271, 1992.
  • Vaasma, T., Kiisk, M., Meriste, T., Tkaczyk, A.H. "The Enrichment of Natural Radionuclides in Oil Shale-Fired Power Plants in Estonia - The Impact of New Circulating Fluidized Bed Technology". Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 129, 133-139, 2014a.
  • Vaasma, T., Kiisk, M., Meriste, T., Tkaczyk, A.H. "The Enrichment Behavior of Natural Radionuclides in Pulverized Oil Shale-Fired Power Plants". Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 138, 427-433, 2014b.
  • Turhan, Ş. "Assessment of the Natural Radioactivity and Radiological Hazards in Turkish Cement and its Raw Materials". Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 99, 404-414, 2008.
  • Kovler, K. "Radiological Constraints of Using Building Materials and Industrial By-Products in Construction". Construction and Building Materials, 23, 246-253, 2009.
  • Damla, N., Cevik, U., Kopya, Al., Celik, A., Celik, N., Van Grieken, R. "Radiation Dose Estimation and Mass Attenuation Coefficients of Cement Samples Used in Turkey". Journal of Hazardous Materials, 176, 644-649, 2010.
  • Kovler, K. " Does the Utilization of Coal Fly Ash in Concrete Construction Present A Radiation Hazard?". Construction and Building Materials, 29, 158-166, 2012.
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Metrology, Applied and Industrial Physics
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Banu Özden

Publication Date December 1, 2017
Submission Date March 17, 2017
Acceptance Date September 12, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 21 Issue: 6

Cite

APA Özden, B. (2017). Enrichment of natural radionuclides along the emission control system of yatagan thermal coal fired power plant. Sakarya University Journal of Science, 21(6), 1434-1442. https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.298662
AMA Özden B. Enrichment of natural radionuclides along the emission control system of yatagan thermal coal fired power plant. SAUJS. December 2017;21(6):1434-1442. doi:10.16984/saufenbilder.298662
Chicago Özden, Banu. “Enrichment of Natural Radionuclides Along the Emission Control System of Yatagan Thermal Coal Fired Power Plant”. Sakarya University Journal of Science 21, no. 6 (December 2017): 1434-42. https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.298662.
EndNote Özden B (December 1, 2017) Enrichment of natural radionuclides along the emission control system of yatagan thermal coal fired power plant. Sakarya University Journal of Science 21 6 1434–1442.
IEEE B. Özden, “Enrichment of natural radionuclides along the emission control system of yatagan thermal coal fired power plant”, SAUJS, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 1434–1442, 2017, doi: 10.16984/saufenbilder.298662.
ISNAD Özden, Banu. “Enrichment of Natural Radionuclides Along the Emission Control System of Yatagan Thermal Coal Fired Power Plant”. Sakarya University Journal of Science 21/6 (December 2017), 1434-1442. https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.298662.
JAMA Özden B. Enrichment of natural radionuclides along the emission control system of yatagan thermal coal fired power plant. SAUJS. 2017;21:1434–1442.
MLA Özden, Banu. “Enrichment of Natural Radionuclides Along the Emission Control System of Yatagan Thermal Coal Fired Power Plant”. Sakarya University Journal of Science, vol. 21, no. 6, 2017, pp. 1434-42, doi:10.16984/saufenbilder.298662.
Vancouver Özden B. Enrichment of natural radionuclides along the emission control system of yatagan thermal coal fired power plant. SAUJS. 2017;21(6):1434-42.