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Application of Risk Assessment Study at Petro-Processors of Louisiana, Inc. (PPI) Site

Year 2023, Volume: 27 Issue: 1, 83 - 93, 28.02.2023
https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1061205

Abstract

Petro-Processors of Louisiana, Inc. (PPI) site, located North of the city of Baton Rouge Parish, used two sites as depositories for various petrochemical wastes from mainly the 1960s until the 1980s. The main problem was the potential for leachate migration and for exposure of toxic materials, which had been released into local waterways. Therefore, the site is considered a public health hazard area because of risks to human health from past, present, and future exposure to hazardous substances. This study focuses on investigating selected chlorinated organic liquids, which are the predominant contaminants among all wastes: Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and Hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD) with possible health effects using a risk assessment study. The results show that even though the petrochemical waste disposal has completely shut down since1980, it will still take an average of the HCB and HCBD to reach the domestic well with groundwater is 68 years and 57 years, respectively via slow migration, which will increase the cancer risks for the people who live near PPI site. Our results indicated that the cancer risks of exposure to HCB and HCBD are 4.6x10-6 and 2.6x10-3, respectively, which are more than the 10-6 goal. In addition, this study can be used at similar sites and for different compounds to investigate the potential impacts of pollutants on human health.

References

  • [1] U. S. EPA, "Petro Processors of Louisiana, Inc., Region 6, East Baton Rouge Parish," http://www.epa.gov/, 2000.
  • [2] W. D. Constant, J. H. Pardue, R. D. Delaune, K. Blanchard, and G. A. Breitenbeck, "Enhancement of in situ microbial degradation of chlorinated organic waste at the petro processors superfund site," Environmental progress, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 51-60, 1995.
  • [3] Y. B. Acar, M. R. Taha, and W. D. Constant, "The PPI Superfund site: remedial measures and alternatives," in Geoenvironment 2000: Characterization, Containment, Remediation, and Performance in Environmental Geotechnics, 1995: ASCE, pp. 1684-1699.
  • [4] U. S. EPA, "Petro-Processors of Louisiana, Inc. (PPI) Site East Baton Rouge Parish Lousiana," 2015.
  • [5] U. S. EPA, "First Five-Year Review Report for the Petro-Processors of Louisiana, Inc. (PPI) Site East Baton Rouge Parish Lousiana" 2005.
  • [6] C. Q. Surbeck and J. Kuo, Site Assessment and Remediation for Environmental Engineers. CRC Press, 2021.
  • [7] B. S. Ausmus, S. Kimbrough, D. R. Jackson, and S. Lindberg, "The behaviour of hexachlorobenzene in pine forest microcosms: transport and effects on soil processes," Environmental Pollution (1970), vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 103-111, 1979.
  • [8] D. Mackay, W. Y. Shiu, and K.-C. Ma, Illustrated handbook of physical-chemical properties of environmental fate for organic chemicals. CRC press, 1997.
  • [9] K. T. Valsaraj, R. R. Kommalapati, E. D. Robertson, and W. Constant, "Partition constants and adsorption/desorption hysteresis for volatile organic compounds on soil from a Louisiana Superfund site," Environmental monitoring and assessment, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 227-243, 1999.
  • [10] T. P. Clement, M. J. Truex, and P. Lee, "A case study for demonstrating the application of US EPA's monitored natural attenuation screening protocol at a hazardous waste site," Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, vol. 59, no. 1-2, pp. 133-162, 2002.
  • [11] M. C. Blad, Mass transfer of 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene and lower chlorinated benzenes from sediment into water. Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College, 2001.
  • [12] A. Giddens, "Risk and responsibility," Mod. L. Rev., vol. 62, p. 1, 1999.
  • [13] M. S. Olson and P. L. Gurian, "Risk assessment strategies as nanomaterials transition into commercial applications," Journal of Nanoparticle Research, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1-7, 2012.
  • [14] C. Gerba, "Chapter 14: risk assessment," Environmental and pollution science, vol. 2, p. 553, 2006.
  • [15] G. Choudhary, "Human health perspectives on environmental exposure to hexachlorobutadiene: A review," Journal of Environmental Science & Health Part C, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 179-203, 1995.
  • [16] U. EPA, "Factsheets for regulated chemicals: Hexachlorobutadiene. Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment.," 1986.
  • [17] U. EPA, "Technical support document for water quality-based toxics control," EPA/505/2-90-001, 1991.
  • [18] U. EPA, "Factsheets for regulated chemicals: Hexachlorobenzene. Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment.," 1988.
  • [19] B. Starek-Świechowicz, B. Budziszewska, and A. Starek, "Hexachlorobenzene as a persistent organic pollutant: toxicity and molecular mechanism of action," Pharmacological Reports, vol. 69, no. 6, pp. 1232-1239, 2017.
  • [20] C. C. Michielsen, H. van Loveren, and J. G. Vos, "The role of the immune system in hexachlorobenzene-induced toxicity," Environmental health perspectives, vol. 107, no. suppl 5, pp. 783-792, 1999.
Year 2023, Volume: 27 Issue: 1, 83 - 93, 28.02.2023
https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1061205

Abstract

References

  • [1] U. S. EPA, "Petro Processors of Louisiana, Inc., Region 6, East Baton Rouge Parish," http://www.epa.gov/, 2000.
  • [2] W. D. Constant, J. H. Pardue, R. D. Delaune, K. Blanchard, and G. A. Breitenbeck, "Enhancement of in situ microbial degradation of chlorinated organic waste at the petro processors superfund site," Environmental progress, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 51-60, 1995.
  • [3] Y. B. Acar, M. R. Taha, and W. D. Constant, "The PPI Superfund site: remedial measures and alternatives," in Geoenvironment 2000: Characterization, Containment, Remediation, and Performance in Environmental Geotechnics, 1995: ASCE, pp. 1684-1699.
  • [4] U. S. EPA, "Petro-Processors of Louisiana, Inc. (PPI) Site East Baton Rouge Parish Lousiana," 2015.
  • [5] U. S. EPA, "First Five-Year Review Report for the Petro-Processors of Louisiana, Inc. (PPI) Site East Baton Rouge Parish Lousiana" 2005.
  • [6] C. Q. Surbeck and J. Kuo, Site Assessment and Remediation for Environmental Engineers. CRC Press, 2021.
  • [7] B. S. Ausmus, S. Kimbrough, D. R. Jackson, and S. Lindberg, "The behaviour of hexachlorobenzene in pine forest microcosms: transport and effects on soil processes," Environmental Pollution (1970), vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 103-111, 1979.
  • [8] D. Mackay, W. Y. Shiu, and K.-C. Ma, Illustrated handbook of physical-chemical properties of environmental fate for organic chemicals. CRC press, 1997.
  • [9] K. T. Valsaraj, R. R. Kommalapati, E. D. Robertson, and W. Constant, "Partition constants and adsorption/desorption hysteresis for volatile organic compounds on soil from a Louisiana Superfund site," Environmental monitoring and assessment, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 227-243, 1999.
  • [10] T. P. Clement, M. J. Truex, and P. Lee, "A case study for demonstrating the application of US EPA's monitored natural attenuation screening protocol at a hazardous waste site," Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, vol. 59, no. 1-2, pp. 133-162, 2002.
  • [11] M. C. Blad, Mass transfer of 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene and lower chlorinated benzenes from sediment into water. Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College, 2001.
  • [12] A. Giddens, "Risk and responsibility," Mod. L. Rev., vol. 62, p. 1, 1999.
  • [13] M. S. Olson and P. L. Gurian, "Risk assessment strategies as nanomaterials transition into commercial applications," Journal of Nanoparticle Research, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1-7, 2012.
  • [14] C. Gerba, "Chapter 14: risk assessment," Environmental and pollution science, vol. 2, p. 553, 2006.
  • [15] G. Choudhary, "Human health perspectives on environmental exposure to hexachlorobutadiene: A review," Journal of Environmental Science & Health Part C, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 179-203, 1995.
  • [16] U. EPA, "Factsheets for regulated chemicals: Hexachlorobutadiene. Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment.," 1986.
  • [17] U. EPA, "Technical support document for water quality-based toxics control," EPA/505/2-90-001, 1991.
  • [18] U. EPA, "Factsheets for regulated chemicals: Hexachlorobenzene. Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment.," 1988.
  • [19] B. Starek-Świechowicz, B. Budziszewska, and A. Starek, "Hexachlorobenzene as a persistent organic pollutant: toxicity and molecular mechanism of action," Pharmacological Reports, vol. 69, no. 6, pp. 1232-1239, 2017.
  • [20] C. C. Michielsen, H. van Loveren, and J. G. Vos, "The role of the immune system in hexachlorobenzene-induced toxicity," Environmental health perspectives, vol. 107, no. suppl 5, pp. 783-792, 1999.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Environmental Sciences, Environmental Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Seçil Tutar Öksüz 0000-0002-2713-7379

Publication Date February 28, 2023
Submission Date January 21, 2022
Acceptance Date December 4, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 27 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Tutar Öksüz, S. (2023). Application of Risk Assessment Study at Petro-Processors of Louisiana, Inc. (PPI) Site. Sakarya University Journal of Science, 27(1), 83-93. https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1061205
AMA Tutar Öksüz S. Application of Risk Assessment Study at Petro-Processors of Louisiana, Inc. (PPI) Site. SAUJS. February 2023;27(1):83-93. doi:10.16984/saufenbilder.1061205
Chicago Tutar Öksüz, Seçil. “Application of Risk Assessment Study at Petro-Processors of Louisiana, Inc. (PPI) Site”. Sakarya University Journal of Science 27, no. 1 (February 2023): 83-93. https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1061205.
EndNote Tutar Öksüz S (February 1, 2023) Application of Risk Assessment Study at Petro-Processors of Louisiana, Inc. (PPI) Site. Sakarya University Journal of Science 27 1 83–93.
IEEE S. Tutar Öksüz, “Application of Risk Assessment Study at Petro-Processors of Louisiana, Inc. (PPI) Site”, SAUJS, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 83–93, 2023, doi: 10.16984/saufenbilder.1061205.
ISNAD Tutar Öksüz, Seçil. “Application of Risk Assessment Study at Petro-Processors of Louisiana, Inc. (PPI) Site”. Sakarya University Journal of Science 27/1 (February 2023), 83-93. https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1061205.
JAMA Tutar Öksüz S. Application of Risk Assessment Study at Petro-Processors of Louisiana, Inc. (PPI) Site. SAUJS. 2023;27:83–93.
MLA Tutar Öksüz, Seçil. “Application of Risk Assessment Study at Petro-Processors of Louisiana, Inc. (PPI) Site”. Sakarya University Journal of Science, vol. 27, no. 1, 2023, pp. 83-93, doi:10.16984/saufenbilder.1061205.
Vancouver Tutar Öksüz S. Application of Risk Assessment Study at Petro-Processors of Louisiana, Inc. (PPI) Site. SAUJS. 2023;27(1):83-9.