Based on external morphological and osteological characters, Phrynopus fallaciosus and Phrynopus flavomaculatus are placed in the Eleutherodactylus nigrovittatus Group, and the latter is reported for the first time in Peru (Departamento de Piura). Based on external morphological characters, Phrynopus laplacai is considered to be a junior synonym of P. wettsteini. The type locality of P. wettsteini in Peru is considered as doubtful, and the distribution of the species seems to be restricted to Bolivia. Based on external and internal morphological characters, including comparatively large testes, Phrynopus spectabilis is placed in the synonymy of Pleurodema marmorata. Males of several species of Phrynopus have Finger I (and Finger II in P. cophites) with a nuptial pad, a character that was thought to be restricted to Eleutherodactylus within eleutherodactyline frogs. A new, small species of Phrynopus is described from the Andes in southern Peru.