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Association of hypomethylation of LINE-1 repetitive element in blood leukocyte DNA with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma

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Abstract

Global DNA hypomethylation has been associated with increased risk for cancers of the colorectum, bladder, breast, head and neck, and testicular germ cells. The aim of this study was to examine whether global hypomethylation in blood leukocyte DNA is associated with the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A total of 315 HCC cases and 356 age-, sex- and HBsAg status-matched controls were included. Global methylation in blood leukocyte DNA was estimated by analyzing long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1) repeats using bisulfite-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and pyrosequencing. We observed that the median methylation level in HCC cases (percentage of 5-methylcytosine (5mC)=77.7%) was significantly lower than that in controls (79.5% 5mC) (P=0.004, Wilcoxon rank-sum test). The odds ratios (ORs) of HCC for individuals in the third, second, and first (lowest) quartiles of LINE-1 methylation were 1.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7–1.8), 1.4 (95% CI 0.8–2.2), and 2.6 (95% CI 1.7–4.1) (P for trend <0.001), respectively, compared to individuals in the fourth (highest) quartile. A 1.9-fold (95% CI 1.4–2.6) increased risk of HCC was observed among individuals with LINE-1 methylation below the median compared to individuals with higher (>median) LINE-1 methylation. Our results demonstrate for the first time that individuals with global hypomethylation measured in LINE-1 repeats in blood leukocyte DNA have an increased risk for HCC. Our data provide the evidence that global hypomethylation detected in the easily obtainable DNA source of blood leukocytes may help identify individuals at risk of HCC.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of General Surgery, the Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, China

    Jian-zhong Di, Xiao-dong Han, Yu Wang, Qi Zheng & Pin Zhang

  2. Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai, 200052, China

    Wen-ye Gu

  3. Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China

    Hui-min Wu

  4. Department of Oncology, No. 113 Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, Ningbo, 315040, China

    Zhong-zheng Zhu

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  1. Jian-zhong Di
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  2. Xiao-dong Han
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  4. Yu Wang
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  6. Pin Zhang
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Correspondence to Pin Zhang.

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Di, Jz., Han, Xd., Gu, Wy. et al. Association of hypomethylation of LINE-1 repetitive element in blood leukocyte DNA with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B 12, 805–811 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B1000422

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