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[RETRACTED ARTICLE] Baicalein restrains proliferation, migration, and invasion of human malignant melanoma cells by down-regulating colon cancer associated transcript-1

Abstract

Baicalein (BAI) is an acknowledged flavonoids compound, which is regarded as a useful therapeutic pharmaceutical for numerous cancers. However, its involvement in melanoma is largely unknown. This study aimed to examine the anti-melanoma function of BAI and unraveled the regulatory mechanism involved. A375 and SK-MEL-28 were treated with BAI for 24 h. Then, CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, and transwell assay were carried out to investigate cell growth, migration, and invasion. RT-qPCR was applied to detect the expression of colon cancer associated transcript-1 (CCAT1) in melanoma tissues and cells. The functions of CCAT1 in melanoma cells were also evaluated. Western blot was utilized to appraise Wnt/β-catenin or MEK/ERK pathways. BAI restrained cell proliferation and stimulated cell apoptotic capability of melanoma by suppressing cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-PARP. Cell migratory and invasive abilities were restrained by BAI via inhibiting MMP-2 and vimentin. CCAT1 was over-expressed in melanoma tissues and down-regulated by BAI in melanoma cells. Overexpressed CCAT1 reversed the BAI-induced anti-growth, anti-migratory, and anti-invasive effects. Furthermore, BAI inhibited Wnt/β-catenin and MEK/ERK pathways-axis via regulating CCAT1. Our study indicated that BAI blocked Wnt/β-catenin and MEK/ERK pathways via regulating CCAT1, thereby inhibiting melanoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.

Malignant melanoma; Colon cancer associated transcript-1; Wnt/β-catenin; MEK/ERK


Retraction for: Braz J Med Biol Res | doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X20198934 | PMID: 31778440 | PMCID: PMC6886380

The authors would like to retract the article “Baicalein restrains proliferation, migration, and invasion of human malignant melanoma cells by down-regulating colon cancer associated transcript-1” that was published in volume 52 no. 12 (2019) (Epub Nov 25, 2019) of the Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research.

After the publication of this study, the corresponding author requested its retraction due to “the identification of unspecified data inconsistency that could lead to mistaken conclusions.” The Editors agreed with and endorsed that decision.

The Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research had received authorization from all authors before the publication of the paper. We regret the unprofessional behavior of the authors involved.

Publication Dates

  • Publication in this collection
    25 Nov 2019
  • Date of issue
    2019

History

  • Received
    15 June 2019
  • Accepted
    9 Sept 2019
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