ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ РЕНТГЕНОВСКОГО ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ И РАЗВИТИЕ РЕНТГЕНОВСКОГО ПРИБОРОСТРОЕНИЯ В САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГЕ
Аннотация
В работе рассмотрена история начала исследований рентгеновского излучения и развития рентгеновского приборостроения в Санкт-Петербурге. Приведены сведения из истории открытия рентгеновского излучения, сделанного профессором Вюрцбургского университета Вильгельмом Конрадом Рентгеном 8 ноября 1895 года. Описана история становления и развития основных научных центров Ленинграда по изучению рентгеновского излучения, предприятий, разрабатывающих и выпускающих рентгеновские приборы, и вклад выдающихся ученых в развитие этой области знаний. К числу таких центров отнесены: Физико-технический институт им. А.Ф. Иоффе РАН, созданный на базе первого в мире Государственного рентгенологического и радиологического университета; НПО «Буревестник» (в настоящее время «АО Инновационный Центр «Буревестник»); кафедра электроники твёрдого тела Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета; кафедра ядерной геофизики Ленинградского государственного университета; Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт разведочной геофизики Рудгеофизика им. А.А. Логачева; Ленинградский (в настоящее время Петербургский) институт ядерной физики им. Б.П. Константинова РАН; Ленинградское объединение электронного приборостроения «Светлана» (в настоящее время АО «Светлана-Рентген»); Научно-исследовательская и производственная компания НИПК «ЭЛЕКТРОН»; Санкт-Петербургский государственный электротехнический университет «ЛЭТИ» им. В.И. Ульянова (Ленина). Названы имена и достижения выдающихся ученых и разработчиков рентгеновской аппаратуры, работающих в ВУЗах и на предприятиях города. Перечислены рентгеновские приборы, которые разработаны на Ленинградских предприятиях от первых моделей, до современного состояния рентгеновских приборов, которые разрабатываются на предприятиях Санкт-Петербурга. Большее внимание уделено рентгенофлуоресцентной аналитической технике и способам рентгенофлуоресцентного анализа.
Ключевые слова: рентгеновское излучение, спектрометр, анализатор, дифрактометр, сепаратор, дефектоскоп, рентгеновская трубка, кристалл-анализатор, детектор
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2020.24.3.005
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