Abstract
Interlayers of montmorillonite were pillared with TiO2, SiO2 -TiO2 and SiO2-Fe2O3 sols. The pillared structures were thermally stable at least up to 500°C and retained unusually large basal spacings in the range of 24–45Å and surface areas as high as 300–500 m2 /g. The TiO2 pillared clay showed Type IV adsorption isotherm for nitrogen. Although SiO2 -TiO2 and SiO2-Fe2O3 pillared clays had basal spacings much larger than that of TiO2 pillared clay, these mixed oxide pillared clays had small pores and exhibited Type I isotherm. The acidic strength distributions were determined by a titration method using n-butylamine and Hammett indicators. All of the pillared clays had large acidities, but the acidic strength decreased in the following order: TiO2 - SiO 2 » SiO2-Fe2O3 pillared clays. Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) spectra of ammonia were measured and interpreted in relation to the acidity distribution. Infrared spectra of pyridine adsorbed on TiO2 pillared clay indicated that the acidity predominantly arises from Lewis acid sites.
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Yamanaka, S., Nishihara, T. & Hattori, M. Adsorption and Acidic Properties of Clays Pillared With Oxide Sols. MRS Online Proceedings Library 111, 283–288 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-111-283
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-111-283