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Bioactive glass-ceramic scaffolds by additive manufacturing and sinter-crystallization of fine glass powders

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Abstract

Wollastonite (CaSiO3)–diopside (CaMgSi2O6) glass-ceramic scaffolds have been successfully fabricated using two different additive manufacturing techniques: powder-based 3D printing (3DP) and digital light processing (DLP), coupled with the sinter-crystallization of glass powders with two different compositions. The adopted manufacturing process depended on the balance between viscous flow sintering and crystallization of the glass particles, in turn influenced by the powder size and the sensitivity of CaO–MgO–SiO2 glasses to surface nucleation. 3DP used coarser glass powders and was more appropriate for low temperature firing (800–900 °C), leading to samples with limited crystallization. On the contrary, DLP used finer glass powders, leading to highly crystallized glass-ceramic samples. Despite the differences in manufacturing technology and crystallization, all samples featured very good strength-to-density ratios, which benefit their use for bone tissue engineering applications. The bioactivity of 3D-printed glass-ceramics after immersion in simulated body fluid and the similarities, in terms of ionic releases and hydroxyapatite formation with already validated bioactive glass-ceramics, were preliminarily assessed.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Hamada Elsayed gratefully acknowledges the financial support of the Cultural Affairs and Missions Sector, Egypt. The authors thank Mr. Carlo Castegini and Ms. Ilaria Baesso (University of Padova) for experimental assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy

    Hamada Elsayed, Johanna Schmidt, Paolo Colombo & Enrico Bernardo

  2. Ceramics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Egypt

    Hamada Elsayed

  3. Division of Ceramic Processing and Biomaterials, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Berlin, 12203, Germany

    Andrea Zocca & Jens Günster

  4. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16801, USA

    Paolo Colombo

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  1. Hamada Elsayed
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  2. Andrea Zocca
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  6. Enrico Bernardo
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Correspondence to Enrico Bernardo.

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This author was an editor of this journal during the review and decision stage. For the JMR policy on review and publication of manuscripts authored by editors, please refer to http://www.mrs.org/editor-manuscripts/.

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Elsayed, H., Zocca, A., Schmidt, J. et al. Bioactive glass-ceramic scaffolds by additive manufacturing and sinter-crystallization of fine glass powders. Journal of Materials Research 33, 1960–1971 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2018.120

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2018.120

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