Abstract
Kapton films, 25 μm thick, were carbonized and then graphitized at various temperatures up to 3000 °C. They were studied by optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy and were prepared by thin-sectioning for transmission electron microscopy. The residual embedded blocks were used as polished sections for optical microscopy. Kapton thin film heat-treated at 650 °C showed thin areas of preferred orientation at its two opposite faces. This orientation extends all over the film thickness between 800 °C and 1000 °C. It corresponds to a statistical orientation of small aromatic layer stacks, parallel to the film plane. From 1000 °C up to 2475 °C flattened pores develop everywhere. At 2475 °C, they suddenly collapse and partial graphitization occurs. The Kapton film is completely graphitized between 2820 °C and 3000 °C. The mechanism of graphitization is similar to that of anthracites and also to that of nongraphitizing carbons heat-treated under pressure.
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Bourgerette, C., Oberlin, A. & Inagaki, M. Structural and textural changes from polyimide Kapton to graphite: Part I. Optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Journal of Materials Research 7, 1158–1173 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1992.1158
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1992.1158