Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Phase separation in gel-derived materials, separation and crystallization of SnO2 within an amorphous SiO2 matrix

  • Articles
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

On heating a gel of composition 33.5SnO2−66.5SiO2 (wt. %) up to 1050 °C, SnO2 crystallization occurred with different mechanisms according to thermal treatments. Thermal analysis, SAXS (Small Angle X-Ray Scattering), WAXS (Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering), and TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) results obtained for samples treated at different temperatures demonstrated that the SnO2 load is divided into two moieties, one composed of isolated SnO2 particles suitable for primary crystallization yielding crystallites with 4.0 nm of average size; the other, being dissolved in SiO2, remains in the amorphous SiO2/SnO2 solid solution up to the highest temperature. The presence of these two phases accounts for SnO2 surface segregation at the expense of the SnO2 concentration of neighboring outer layers and the independence of apparent density on temperature.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. D. R. Ulrich, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 100, 174 (1988).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. R. Roy, Science 238, 1664 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. V. Gottardi, M. Guglielmi, A. Tiziani, and G. Carturan, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 43, 105 (1981); H. Pentinghaus, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 63, 193 (1984); J. Livage, in Better Ceramics through Chemistry, edited by C. J. Brinker, D. E. Clark, and D. R. Ulrich (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 32, Pittsburgh, PA, 1986), pp. 717–724.

  4. C. J. Brinker and G. Scherer, Sol-Gel Science (Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1990), Chaps. 3, 5, and 11.

    Google Scholar 

  5. C. J. Brinker and G. W. Scherer, in Ultrastructure Processing of Ceramics, Glasses and Composites, edited by L. L. Hench and D. R. Ulrich (Wiley–Interscience, New York, 1984), pp. 43–59.

  6. A. J. A. Pope and J. D. Mackenzie, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 87, 185 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. J. Livage, M. Henry, and C. Sanchez, Prog. Solid State Chem 18, 259 (1988).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. R. C. Mehrotra and R. Bohra, Metal Carboxylates (Academic Press, London, 1983); B. E. Yoldas, Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 54, 289 (1975); W. C. LaCourse, in Sol-Gel Technology for Thin Films, Fibers, Preforms, Electronics and Specialty Shapes, edited by Lisa C. Klein (Noges, New Jersey, 1988), Chap. 7, pp. 140–161.

    Google Scholar 

  9. a. M. Prassas, L. L. Hench, J. Phalippou, and J. Zarzycki, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 48, 79 (1982);

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. C. G. Vonk, J. Appl. Cryst. 9, 433 (1976).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. G. Cocco, L. Schiffini, G. Strukul, and G. Carturan, J. Catal. 65, 348 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. S. Enzo, A. Benedetti, and S. Polizzi, Z. Kristall. 170, 275 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. S. Enzo, G. Fagherazzi, A. Benedetti, and S. Polizzi, J. Appl. Cryst. 21, 536 (1988).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. R. Dal Maschio, S. Dirè, R. Campostrini, G. D. Sorarù, and G. Carturan, in Better Ceramics Through Chemistry IV, edited by B. J. J. Zelinski, C. J. Brinker, D. E. Clark, and D. R. Ulrich (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 180, Pittsburgh, PA, 1990).

  15. G. Carturan, V. Gottardi, and M. Graziani, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 29, 41 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. T. Kawaguchi, H. Hishikura, and J. Iura, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 100, 220 (1988).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. N. Tohge, G. S. Moore, and J. D. Mackenzie, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 63. 95 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. S. Sakka, H. Kozuka, and S. Kim, in Ultrastructure Processing of Advanced Ceramics, edited by J. D. Mackenzie and D. R. Ulrich (Wiley–Interscience, New York, 1988), pp. 159–171.

  19. H. Schmidt, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 100, 51 (1988).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. P. Gallezot and G. Bergeret, J. Catal. 72, 294 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. G. Cocco, S. Enzo, G. Carturan, P. Giordano Orsini, and P. Scardi, Mat. Chem. and Phys. 17, 541 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. T. Osuka, H. Morikawa, F. Marumo, K. Tohji, Y. Udagawa, A. Yasumori, and M. Yamane, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 82, 154 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. W. L. Smith, J. Appl. Cryst. 9, 139 (1976).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. R. A. Young and A. Sakthivel, J. Appl. Cryst. 21, 416 (1988).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. A. Craievich, D. I. dos Santos, M. Aegerter, T. Lours, and J. Zarzycki, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 100, 424 (1988).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. D. M. Krol and J. G. Van Lierop, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 63, 131 (1987); T. A. Gallo, C. J. Brinker, L. C. Klein, and G. W. Scherer, in Better Ceramics Through Chemistry, edited by C. J. Brinker, D. E. Clark, and D. R. Ulrich (Elsevier, North Holland, New York, 1984), pp. 85–90; C. J. Brinker, D. R. Tallant, E. P. Roth, and C. S. Ashley, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 82, 117 (1986); G. Mariotto, M. Montagna, G. Viliani, R. Campostrini, and G. Carturan, J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys. 21, L797 (1988).

  27. J. Zarzycki, in Ultrastructure Processing of Ceramics, Glasses and Composites, edited by L. L. Hench and D. R. Ulrich (Wiley–Interscience, New York, 1984), pp. 27–42.

  28. I. M. Miranda Salvado, C. J. Serna, and J. M. Fernández Navarro, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 100, 330 (1988).

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Engineering, University of Trento, Mesiano di Povo, Trento, 38050, Italy

    R. Dal Maschio, S. Dirè & G. Carturan

  2. Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Venice, Calle Larga, S. Marta 2137, Venice, 30100, Italy

    S. Enzo

  3. Department of Inorganic, Physical and Materials Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, Torino, 10125, Italy

    L. Battezzati

Authors
  1. R. Dal Maschio
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. Dirè
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. G. Carturan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. S. Enzo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. L. Battezzati
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Dal Maschio, R., Dirè, S., Carturan, G. et al. Phase separation in gel-derived materials, separation and crystallization of SnO2 within an amorphous SiO2 matrix. Journal of Materials Research 7, 435–443 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1992.0435

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1992.0435

Search

Navigation