Abstract
This work concerns the coacervate extraction of industrial dye, namely Acid Green 9 (AG-9) from aqueous solution by nonionic surfactant Lutensol AO7 and TX-114 (readily biodegradable). Binary water/surfactant and pseudo-binary phase diagrams were plotted. The extraction results as a function of wt% of the surfactant and temperature are expressed by: percentage of solute extracted, E%, residual concentrations of solute and surfactant in the dilute phase (X s,w and X t,w respectively) and volume fraction of coacervate at equilibrium (Фc). For each parameter, whose values are determined by a design of experiments, these results are subjected to empirical smoothing in three dimensionsusing response surface methodology (RSM). The aim of this study is to find out the best compromise between E % and Фc. Under optimal conditions, the extraction extent of AG-9 reaches 98 % and 96 % using TX-114 and Lutensol AO7, respectively. The effect of Na2SO4 and CTAB addition is also studied. Finally, the possibility of recycling the surfactant is proved.
About the authors
Halima Ghouas, Professor of chemical engineering at the Higher School of Eelectrical Engineering and Energy of Oran (ESGEEO).
Abdelkader Benderrag, Professor of chemical engineering at the University of Science and Technology of Oran (USTO).
Boumedienne Haddou, Professor of chemical engineering at the University of Science and Technology of Oran (USTO).
Cristophe Gourdon, Professor of Chemical Engineering at the ENSIACET (INP Toulouse).
Acknowledgments
The authors thank the Key Laboratory of Materials Physico-Chemistry U. S. T. Oran and the Chemical Engineering Laboratory of INP-ENSIACET Toulouse for the technical support.
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Research ethics: Not applicable.
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Author contributions: Halima Ghouas was a major contributor in writing the manuscript, performed the experimental part in the laboratory and contributed in analysis and discussion of the results. Abdelkader Benderrag revised the manuscript and contributed key inputs. Boumedienne Haddou was responsible for the overall control of the article’s ideas and the structure of writing. Cristophe Gourdon revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Competing interests: The authors state no conflict of interest.
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Research funding: None declared.
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Data availability: Not applicable.
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