Abstract
Pharmaceutical residues coming from urban wastewater were recognized as a major source of pollution for the aquatic environment. Their occurrence in most municipal effluent seems to indicate that conventional wastewater treatments have only a limited ability to remove such substances from sewage. Therefore, the undesired effects caused by these emergent contaminants on the environment force the authorities to consider new measures to treat and recycle contaminated water. In this study, electrospun nanofibers made of chitosan and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) were used to remove the anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen in solution. The electrospinning parameters such as the mixture solution concentration, applied voltage, distance needle-collector, and flow rate were optimized to get the best nanofiber morphology characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). With the use of a high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet diode array detection (HPLC-UV DAD) system, sorption tests were performed by modifying experimental conditions, e.g. pH, concentration of ibuprofen, and temperature of the tested solutions. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich (DR) adsorption models were compared for the mathematical description of adsorption equilibria. Kinetic assays showed that the adsorption of chitosan nanofiber followed a pseudo-second-order model. After 20 min of exposure, 25 mg of nanofiber had removed 70% of the initial ibuprofen concentration.
Acknowledgments
The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada is acknowledged for its financial support to Professor André Lajeunesse (Discovery grant) and Alexandre Camiré (Undergraduate Student Research Awards – USRA), Funder Id: 10.13039/501100002790, Grant Number: Discovery Development Grant/DDG-2016-00033. The authors are also grateful for the financial support offered by the Quebec Center for Functional Materials (CQMF), the Renewable Materials Research Centre (CRMR), the Forensic Research Group (LRC) – Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, and the International Centre for Comparative Criminology (ICCC). Finally, special thanks are addressed to Agnès Lejeune for her assistance during the characterization of the nanofibers electrospun by SEM.
Abbreviations
- CS
chitosan
- DI
deionized
- DR
Dubinin-Radushkevich
- HPLC
high-performance liquid chromatography
- PAN
poly(acrylonitrile)
- PDA
photodiode array detector
- PEO
poly(ethylene oxide)
- PVA
poly(vinyl alcohol)
- SEM
scanning electron microscopy.
References
[1] WWAP. The United Nations world water development report 2017. Wastewater – The untapped resource. UNESCO: Paris, 2017.Search in Google Scholar
[2] Comtois-Marotte S, Chappuis T, Vo Duy S, Gilbert N, Lajeunesse A, Taktek S, Desrosiers M, Veilleux E, Sauvé S. Chemosphere 2017, 166, 400–411.10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.077Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[3] Luo Y, Guo W, Ngo HH, Nghiem LD, Hai FI, Zhang J, Liang S, Wang XC. Sci. Tot. Environ. 2014, 473–474, 619–641.10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.065Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[4] Fent K, Weston AA, Caminada D. Aquat. Toxicol. 2006, 76, 122–159.10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.09.009Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[5] Lajeunesse A, Gagnon C, Gagné F, Louis S, Ĉejka P, Sauvé S. Chemosphere 2011, 83, 564–571.10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.12.026Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[6] Dhandayuthapani B, Yoshida Y, Maekawa T, Kumar DS. Mat. Res. 2011, 14, 317–325.10.1590/S1516-14392011005000064Search in Google Scholar
[7] Schreiber M, Vivekanandhan S, Cooke P, Mohanty AK, Misra M. J. Mater. Sci. 2014, 49, 7949–7958.10.1007/s10853-014-8481-zSearch in Google Scholar
[8] Chen Q, Saha P, Kim NG, Kim JK. J. Polym. Eng. 2015, 35, 53–59.10.1515/polyeng-2014-0124Search in Google Scholar
[9] Peter KT, Vargo JD, Rupasinghe TP, De Jesus A, Tivanski AV, Sander EA, Myung NV, Cwiertny DM. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2016, 8, 11431–11440.10.1021/acsami.6b01253Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[10] Dutta PK, Dutta J, Tripathi VS. J. Sci. Ind. Res. 2004, 63, 20–31.10.5005/jp/books/10631_6Search in Google Scholar
[11] Su P, Wang C, Yang X, Chen X, Gao C, Feng X, Chen JY, Ye J, Gou Z. Carbohydr. Polym. 2011, 84, 239–246.10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.11.031Search in Google Scholar
[12] Pakravan M, Heuzey MC, Ajji A. Polym. 2011, 52, 4813–4824.10.1016/j.polymer.2011.08.034Search in Google Scholar
[13] Botes M, Cloete TE. In Nanotechnology in Water Treatment Applications, Cloete, TE, de Kwaadsteniet, M, Botes, M, López-Romero, JM, Eds., Caister Academic Press: Norfolk, UK, 2010, Chapter 3, pp 69–88.Search in Google Scholar
[14] Sun K, Li ZH. Express Polym. Lett. 2011, 5, 342–361.10.3144/expresspolymlett.2011.34Search in Google Scholar
[15] Spasova M, Manolova N, Paneva D, Rashkov L. e-Polymers 2004, 56, 1–12.Search in Google Scholar
[16] Homayoni H, Ravandi SAH, Valizadeh M. Carbohydr. Polym. 2009, 84, 656–661.10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.02.008Search in Google Scholar
[17] Lajeunesse A, Gagnon C. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 2007, 87, 565–578.10.1080/03067310701189083Search in Google Scholar
[18] Kriegel C, Kit KM, McClements DJ, Weiss J. Polym. 2009, 50, 189–200.10.1016/j.polymer.2008.09.041Search in Google Scholar
[19] Klossner RR, Queen HA, Coughlin AJ, Krause WE. Biomacromolecules 2008, 9, 2947–2953.10.1021/bm800738uSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
[20] de Alvarenga, ES. In Biotechnology of Biopolymers, Elnashar, M, Ed., IntechOpen Limited: London, United Kingdom, Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/books/biotechnology-of-biopolymers/characterization-and-properties-of-chitosan. 2010, Chapter 5, pp. 91–108.10.5772/17020Search in Google Scholar
[21] Lakhdhar I, Mangin P, Chabot B. J. Water Process Eng. 2015, 7, 295–305.10.1016/j.jwpe.2015.07.004Search in Google Scholar
[22] Hendricks D, Ed., Water Treatment Unit Processes – Physical and Chemical, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group Ed.: Boca Raton, Florida, 2006.Search in Google Scholar
[23] Dada AO, Olalekan AP, Olatunya AM, DADA O. IOSR J. Appl. Chem. 2012, 3, 38–34.10.9790/5736-0313845Search in Google Scholar
[24] Grassi M, Kaykioglu G, Belgiorno V, Lofrano G, In Emerging Compounds Removal from Wastewater, Lofrano, G, Ed., Springer: Netherlands, 2012, Chapter 2, pp 15–37.10.1007/978-94-007-3916-1_2Search in Google Scholar
[25] Irani M, Keshtkar AR, Mousavian MA. Chem. Eng. J. 2011, supplement C, 251–259.10.1016/j.cej.2011.09.102Search in Google Scholar
©2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
