Abstract
Objective
To investigate the correlation between aneuploidy pregnancy and the concentration of various hormones and vascular endothelial factor in follicular fluid as well as the number of acquired oocytes and to provide a scientific basis for improving ovulation induction programs.
Methods
In total, we collected 277 follicular fluid specimens from patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment in our hospital. Eighteen cases of aneuploidy embryos were identified. The follicular fluid of these aneuploidy embryos was used for the study. According to the case and control 1:5 paired design, we selected five age-matched controls with healthy births following IVF for each aneuploidy case. Concentrations of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrogen (E2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the follicular fluid were measured. Conditional logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between aneuploidy pregnancy and the concentrations of various hormones and VEGF in the follicular fluid as well as the number of acquired oocytes.
Results
Multivariate conditional logistic regression showed that of all the factors analyzed, only FSH [odds ratio (OR) = 1.300, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.091–1.548, P = 0.003] level in the follicular fluid and the number of acquired oocytes (OR = 1.179, 95% CI, 1.070–1.299, P = 0.001) were closely related to aneuploidy pregnancy. No other factors were found to be associated with aneuploidy pregnancy.
Conclusion
FSH concentrations in the follicular fluid are risk factors for aneuploidy pregnancies. The higher the number of eggs, the higher the risk of aneuploidy. These findings may help improve ovulation induction programs.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (81660542) and the Inner Mongolia Natural Science Fund (2018MS08091).
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
References
1. Jenderny J. Chromosome aberrations in a large series of spontaneous miscarriages in the German population and review of the literature. Mol Cytogenet 2014;7:1–9.10.1186/1755-8166-7-38Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
2. Gianaroli L, Magli MC, Cavallin G, Crippa A, Capoti A, Resta S, et al. Predicting aneuploidy in human oocytes: key factors which affect the meiotic process. Hum Reprod 2010;25:2374–86.10.1093/humrep/deq123Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
3. Capalbo A, Bono S, Spizzichino L, Biricik A, Baldi M, Colamaria S, et al. Sequential comprehensive chromosome analysis on polar bodies, blastomeres and trophoblast: insights into female meiotic errors and chromosomal segregation in the preimplantation window of embryo development. Hum Reprod 2012;28:509–18.10.1093/humrep/des394Search in Google Scholar PubMed
4. Herbert M, Kalleas D, Cooney D, Lamb M, Lister L. Meiosis and maternal aging: insights from aneuploid oocytes and trisomy births. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2015;7:a017970.10.1101/cshperspect.a017970Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
5. Honorato TC, Henningsen AA, Haadsma ML, Land JA, Pinborg A, Lidegaard Ø, et al. Follicle pool, ovarian surgery and the risk for a subsequent trisomic pregnancy. Hum Reprod 2015;30:717–22.10.1093/humrep/deu357Search in Google Scholar PubMed
6. Haadsma ML, Mooij TM, Groen H, Burger CW Lambalk CB, Broekmans FJ, et al. A reduced size of the ovarian follicle pool is associated with an increased risk of a trisomic pregnancy in IVF-treated women. Hum Reprod 2010;25:552–8.10.1093/humrep/dep404Search in Google Scholar PubMed
7. Hassold T, Hunt P. Maternal age and chromosomally abnormal pregnancies: what we know and what we wish we knew. Curr Opin Pediatr 2009;21:703–8.10.1097/MOP.0b013e328332c6abSearch in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
8. Vural F, Vural B, Doger E, Çakıroglu Y, Çekmen M. Perifollicular blood flow and its relationship with endometrial vascularity, follicular fluid EG-VEGF, IGF-1, and inhibin-a levels and IVF outcomes. J Assist Reprod Genet 2016;33:1355–62.10.1007/s10815-016-0780-7Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
9. Cinar O, Dilbaz S, Terzioglu F, Karahalil B, Yücel C, Turk R, et al. Does cigarette smoking really have detrimental effects on outcomes of IVF? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2013;174:106–10.10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.12.026Search in Google Scholar PubMed
10. Hammoud I, Vialard F, Bergere M, Albert M, Molina Gomes D, Adler M, et al. Follicular fluid protein content (FSH, LH, PG4, E2 and AMH) and polar body aneuploidy. J Assist Reprod Genet 2012;29:1123–34.10.1007/s10815-012-9841-8Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
11. Handyside AH, Montag M, Magli MC, Repping S, Harper J, Schmutzler A, et al. Multiple meiotic errors caused by predivision of chromatids in women of advanced maternal age undergoing in vitro fertilisation. Eur J Hum Genet 2012;20:742–7.10.1038/ejhg.2011.272Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
12. Kline JK, Kinney AM, Levin B, Kelly AC, Ferin M, Warburton D. Trisomic pregnancy and elevated FSH: implications for the oocyte pool hypothesis. Hum Reprod 2011;26:1537–50.10.1093/humrep/der091Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
13. Hennet ML, Combelles CM. The antral follicle: a microenvironment for oocyte differentiation. Int J Dev Biol 2012;56:819–31.10.1387/ijdb.120133ccSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
14. Schenk M, Kropfi JM, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Feldmeier E, Weiss G. Anti-Mullerian hormone concentrations in individual follicular fluids within one stimulated IVF cycle resemble blood serum values. J Assist Reprod Genet 2017;34:1115–20.10.1007/s10815-017-0908-4Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
15. Jones KT, Lane SI. Chromosomal, metabolic, environmental, and hormonal origins of aneuploidy in mammalian oocytes. Exp Cell Res 2012;318:1394–9.10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.02.012Search in Google Scholar PubMed
16. Kline J, Kinney A, Brown S, Levin B, Oppenheimer K, Warburton D. Trisomic pregnancy and intermediate CGG repeat length at the FMR1 locus. Hum Reprod 2012;27:2224–32.10.1093/humrep/des098Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
17. Jiang X, Yan J, Sheng Y, Sun M, Cui L, Chen ZJ. Low anti-Müllerian hormone concentration is associated with increased risk of embryonic aneuploidy in women of advanced age. Reprod Biomed Online 2018;37:178–83.10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.04.039Search in Google Scholar PubMed
18. Monteleone P, Giovanni Artini P, Simi G, Casarosa E, Cela V, Genazzani R. Follicular fluid VEGF levels directly correlate with perifollicular blood flow in normoresponder patients undergoing IVF. J Assist Reprod Genet 2008;25:183–6.10.1007/s10815-008-9218-1Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
19. Babitha V, Panda RP, Yadav VP, Chouhan VS, Dangi SS, Khan FA, et al. Amount of mRNA and localization of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in the ovarian follicle during estrous cycle of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Anim Reprod Sci 2013;137:163–76.10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.01.004Search in Google Scholar PubMed
©2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
