Abstract
In this article, a low loss circular photonic crystal fiber (C-PCF) has been suggested as Terahertz (THz) waveguide. Both the core and cladding vicinity of the suggested PCF are constituted by circular-shaped air holes. The optical properties such as effective material loss, effective area, core power fraction and V-parameter have numerically been probed by utilizing full vectorial finite element method (FEM) with perfectly matched layers (FMLs) boundary condition. The reported PCF reveals low absorption loss and large effective area of 0.04 cm−1 and 2.80×10−07 m2 respectively at 1 THz operating frequency. In addition, the core power fraction of the fiber is about 50.83 % at the same activation frequency. The V-parameter shows that the proposed PCF acts as a single mode over 0.70 to 1.15 THz frequency. So, the reported PCF offers the best performance in long distance communication applications.
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to those who participated in this research work.
Funding: There is no funding for this research.
Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interest.
References
1. Awad MM, Cheville RA. Transmission terahertz waveguide based imaging below the diffraction limit. Appl Phys Lett 2005;86(22):221107–1–221107-3. DOI:10.1063/1.1942637.Search in Google Scholar
2. Zhang JQ, Grischkowsky D. Waveguide terahertz time-domain spectroscopy of nanometer water layers. Opt Lett 2004;29(14):617–1619. DOI:10.1364/OL.29.001617.Search in Google Scholar
3. Islam R, Habib MS, Hasanuzzaman GK, Rana S, Sadath MA, Markos C. A novel low-loss diamond-core porous fiber for polarization maintaining terahertz transmission. IEEE Photo Techn Lett 2016;28(14):1537–1540. DOI:10.1109/LPT.2016.2550205.Search in Google Scholar
4. Cook DJ, Decker BK, Allen MG. Quantitative THz spectroscopy of explosive materials. In: OSA Conference, USA 2005; PSI-SR- 1196. DOI: 10.1364/OTST.2005.MA6.Search in Google Scholar
5. Ho L, Pepper M, Taday P. Terahertz spectroscopy: signatures and fingerprints. Nat Photonics 2008;2(9):541. DOI:10.1038/nphoton.2008.174.Search in Google Scholar
6. Fukunaga K, Sekine N, Hosako I, Oda N, Yoneyama H, Sudou T. Realtime terahertz imaging for art conservation science. J Eur Opt Soc Rapid Publ 2008;3:08027. DOI:10.2971/jeos.2008.08027.Search in Google Scholar
7. Kawase K, Ogawa Y, Watanabe Y, Inoue H. Non-destructive terahertz imaging of illicit drugs using spectral fingerprints. Opt Express 2003;11(20):2549–2554. DOI:10.1364/OE.11.002549.Search in Google Scholar
8. Chen N, Liangand J, Ren L. High-birefringence, low-loss porous fiber for single-mode terahertz-wave guidance. Appl Opt 2013;52(21):5297–5302. DOI:10.1364/AO.52.005297.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
9. Dhillon SS, Vitiello MS, Linfield EH, Davies AG, Hoffmann MC, Booske J, et al. The 2017 terahertz science and technology roadmap. J Phys D Appl Phys 2017;50(4):043001. DOI:iopscience.iop.org/0022-3727/50/4/043001.10.1088/1361-6463/50/4/043001Search in Google Scholar
10. Mendis R, Grischkowsky D. Plastic ribbon THz waveguides. J Appl Phys 2000;88(7):4449–4451. DOI:10.1063/1.1310179.Search in Google Scholar
11. Lai CH, You B, Lu JY, Liu TA, Peng JL, Sun CK, et al. Modal characteristics of anti-resonant reflecting pipe waveguides for terahertz waveguiding. Opt Express 2010;18(1):309–322. DOI:10.1364/OE.18.000309.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
12. Wang K, Mittleman DM. Guided propagation of terahertz pulses on metal wires. J Opt Soc Am B 2005;22(9):2001–2008. DOI:10.1364/JOSAB.22.002001.Search in Google Scholar
13. Hasan MR, Islam MA, Anower MS, Razzak SM. Low-loss and bend-insensitive terahertz fiber using a rhombic-shaped core. Appl Opt 2016;55(30):8441–8447. DOI:10.1364/AO.55.008441.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
14. Bao HL, Nielsen K, Rasmussen HK, Jepsen PU, Bang O. Fabrication and characterization of porous-core honeycomb bandgap THz fibers. Opt Express 2012;20(28):29507–29517. DOI:10.1364/OE.20.029507.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
15. Markos C, Stefani A, Nielsen K, Rasmussen HK, Yuan W, Bang O. High-Tg TOPAS microstructured polymer optical fiber for fiber Bragg grating strain sensing at 110 degrees. Opt Express 2013;21(4):4758–4765. DOI:10.1364/OE.21.004758.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
16. Woyessa G, Fasano A, Stefani A, Markos C, Nielsen K, Rasmussen HK, et al. Single mode step-index polymer optical fiber for humidity insensitive high temperature fiber Bragg grating sensors. Opt Express 2016;24(2):1253–1260. DOI:10.1364/OE.24.001253.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
17. Yuan W, Khan L, Webb DJ, Kalli K, Rasmussen HK, Stefani A, et al. Humidity insensitive TOPAS polymer fiber Bragg grating sensor. Opt Express 2011;19(20):19731–19739. DOI:10.1364/OE.19.019731.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
18. Islam R, Rana S, Ahmad R, Kaijage SF. Bend-insensitive and low-loss porous core spiral terahertz fiber. IEEE Photon Technol Lett 2015;27(21):2242–2245. DOI:10.1109/LPT.2015.2457941.Search in Google Scholar
19. Hasan MR, Islam MA, Rifat AA. A single mode porous-core square lattice photonic crystal fiber for THz wave propagation. J Eur Opt Soc Rapid Publ 2016;12(1):15. DOI:10.1186/s41476-016-0017-5.Search in Google Scholar
20. Rana S, Hasanuzzaman GK, Habib S, Kaijage SF, Islam R. Proposal for a low loss porous core octagonal photonic crystal fiber for T-ray wave guiding. Opt Eng 2014;53(11):115107–115107. DOI:10.1117/1.OE.53.11.115107.Search in Google Scholar
21. Hasan MR, Anower MS, Islam MA, Razzak SM. Polarization-maintaining low-loss porous-core spiral photonic crystal fiber for terahertz wave guidance. Appl Opt 2016;55(15):4145–4152. DOI:10.1364/AO.55.004145.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
22. Hasan MI, Razzak SM, Hasanuzzaman GK, Habib MS. Ultra-low material loss and dispersion flattened fiber for THz transmission. IEEE Photon Technol Lett 2014;26(23):2372–2375. DOI:10.1109/LPT.2014.2356492.Search in Google Scholar
23. Islam R, Hasanuzzaman GK, Habib MS, Rana S, Khan MA. Low-loss rotated porous core hexagonal single-mode fiber in THz regime. Optical Fiber Technol 2015;24:38–43. DOI:10.1016/j.yofte.2015.04.006.Search in Google Scholar
24. Ademgil H. Highly sensitive octagonal photonic crystal fiber based sensor. Optik 2014;125(2):6274–6278. DOI:10.1016/j.ijleo.2014.08.018.Search in Google Scholar
25. Mortensen NA, Folkenberg JR, Nielsen MD, KHansen KP. Modal cutoff and the V parameter in photonic crystal fibers. Opt Lett 2003;28(20):1879–1881. DOI:10.1364/OL.28.001879.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
26. Ahmed K, Chowdhury S, Paul BK, Islam MS, Sen S, Islam MI, et al. Ultrahigh birefringence, ultralow material loss porous core single-mode fiber for terahertz wave guidance. Appl Opt 2017;56(12):3477–3483. DOI:10.1364/AO.56.003477.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
27. El Hamzaoui H, Ouerdane Y, Bigot L, Bouwmans G, Capoen B, Boukenter A, et al. Sol-gel derived ionic copper-doped microstructured optical fiber: A potential selective ultraviolet radiation dosimeter. Opt Express 2012;20(28):29751–29760. DOI:10.1364/OE.20.029751.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
