Abstract
Objectives
Cardiovascular diseases are major causes of non-infectious diseases globally. The use of pesticides has been linked with the high global burden of non-communicable diseases. Despite the indiscriminate exposure to dichlorvos (DDVP) by inhalation, no report exists on its possible cardiotoxic effect. This study investigated the cardiotoxicity of DDVP exposure by inhalation and the possible role of Moringa oleifera seed oil.
Methods
Twenty-one male rats were randomly assigned into 3 groups. Group A (control) received only standard rat diet and water ad’ libitum, group B (DDVP) was exposed to DDVP via inhalation for 15 min daily in addition to rat diet and water, and group C (DDVP + M. oleifera seed oil) received treatment as group B as well as 300 mg/kg of M. oleifera seed oil p.o for 28 days.
Results
Significant reductions in body weight gain and cardiac weight were observed in DDVP-exposed animals (p<0.05). Similarly, 28 days of exposure to DDVP led to a significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine kinase and troponin (p<0.05). DDVP-exposed rats also showed a significant increase in malondialdehyde, and a significant decline in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (p<0.05). However, catalase was comparable in DDVP-exposed and control rats. Histopathological observations of the cardiac tissue revealed that DDVP caused marked fat degeneration and necrosis of the myocardial layer. The changes in DDVP-exposed rats were significantly, though not completely, restored by M. oleifera seed oil administration.
Conclusions
This study provides novel mechanistic information on the cardiotoxicity of DDVP inhalation, and the antioxidant potential of M. oleifera seed oil.
Research funding: None declared.
Author contributions: SWA, ARE and ATM conceived the study. ATE and ATM carried out the study. Statistical analysis was done by ARE and ATM. SWA and ARE supervised the study. The first draft was written by ARE and revised by SWA. All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval: The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Ogbomoso, and animals were handled according to the guidelines of the National Institute of Health Guide for Care and Use of Laboratory animals.
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