Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) early protein EP0 is a homologue of the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) immediate-early protein ICP0, which is a multifunctional protein and important for HSV-1 infection. However, the definite function of EP0 during PRV infection is not clear. In this study, to determine if EP0 might localize to the nucleus, as it is shown for its homologue in HSV-1, the subcellular localization pattern and molecular determinants for the nuclear import of EP0 were investigated. EP0 was demonstrated to predominantly target the nucleus in both PRV infected- and plasmid-transfected cells. Furthermore, the nuclear import of EP0 was shown to be dependent on the Ran-, importin α1-, α3-, α7-, β1- and transportin-1-mediated multiple pathways. Taken together, these data will open up new horizons for portraying the biological roles of EP0 in the course of PRV lytic cycle.
Funding source: National Natural Science Foundation of China
Award Identifier / Grant number: 81772179
Funding source: Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province
Award Identifier / Grant number: 2018A0303130257
Award Identifier / Grant number: 2015A030313473
Funding statement: This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Funder Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, 81772179); the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2018A0303130257 and 2015A030313473); the Regular University Distinguished Innovation Project from Education Department of Guangdong Province, China (2018KTSCX184); the Training Program for Outstanding Young Teachers in Universities of Guangdong Province (YQ2015132); the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (A2017055); the Science and Technology Plan Projects of Guangzhou City, China (201607010088); the Scientific Research Projects in Colleges and Universities of Guangzhou (1201610025 and 1201610024); High-Level Universities Academic Backbone Development Program of Guangzhou Medical University; and the Thousand Hundred Ten Projects of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong; the Undergraduate Laboratory Opening Project of Guangzhou Medical University (2018 and 2019). We thank Drs. Lynn W. Enquist, Nobuyuki Nukina, Yoshihiro Yoneda, Ben Margolis, Christopher F. Basler, Reinhard Depping and Chunfu Zheng for the generous gifts pBecker2, RFP-M9M/RFP-Bimax2, pcDNA-Flag-kα1 (importin α5), pCMV9-3×FLAG-importin β1, Flag-kα6 (importin α7), Flag-kα2 (importin α1), Flag-kα4 (importin α3) and pFLAG-CMV-transportin-1, respectively.
Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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