Abstract
Theranostics are a multifunctional approach using nanoparticles for combined diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The hybrid nanoparticles that are applied for these purposes are composed of an inorganic core and an organic shell. The inorganic core acts as a contrast enhancer and the organic shell acts as a drug releaser. Hybrid nanoparticles can be conjugated with targeting moieties and systematically administered to patients to direct the nanoparticles to specific cells such as cancer cells. Theranostics have the potential to significantly improve early stage cancer diagnostics and patient survival. This review discusses preclinical and clinical advances in applications of inorganic nanoparticles for the theranostics of cancer.
About the authors
Jyoti Verma is a final year joint doctoral candidate between Harvard Medical School and the University of Amsterdam. She is a passionate nanotechnologist with a deep interest in the development of novel cancer theranostic devices based on inorganic nanoparticles. She has extensive experience in synthesizing and characterizing inorganic nanoparticles including gold and silver nanoparticles. She has generated more than 10 papers and invented two technologies in the last 7 years. She has been awarded/offered many prestigious pre doctoral and doctoral scholarship/fellowship awards including the McDiarmid scholarship award, a University of Groningen doctoral fellowship and a Biocomposites (NZ) pre doctoral fellowship award.
Sumit Lal is an expert in the field of inorganic nanomedicine. His areas of investigation include utilization of titanium dioxide, gold and iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for development of novel drug delivery platforms, medical implants, biosensors and lab-on-a-chip platforms. He has generated more than 20 research articles and participated in more than $1M funding in the past 5 years. He is the recipient of prestigious John Gavin Fellowship by Genesis Energy, New Zealand in 2012. To-date, he has been awarded $590,000 in the form of eight funding awards that include competitively won fellowships and scholarships. He is on the editorial board of the Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials, and Tissue Engineering, OMICS and the Research Journal of Materials Research and Technology, Elsevier. He is also a peer reviewer for more than 10 journals including Biomaterials (IF: 8.5), Nature Biotechnology (IF: 31) and Advance Functional Materials (IF: 10). He is presently a junior faculty member at Harvard Medical School. Prior to this, he completed three postdoctoral assignments (fellowships) at the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School and Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham & Women’s Hospital. He holds a PhD in Chemistry from New Zealand’s leading university the University of Auckland.
Cornelis J.F. Van Noorden was a medical biology student at the University of Amsterdam in 1971. His student years ended in 1978 (cum laude). He became PhD student (PhD in 1983), lecturer (1983–1986), Associate Professor (1986–1997), Full Professor in Cell Biology and Histology (1997–present) and Chairman (1993–present) of the Department of Cell Biology and Histology of the Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam. In 2015, he became visiting professor in bioimaging of the University of Ljubljana, Slovenia and he was visiting professor of the Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey. His research was always focused on the activity of proteins and particularly enzymes in their natural microenvionment, the cell or the extracellular matrix, in pathophysiological conditions such as arthritis, invasion and metastasis of cancer and now brain tumors (glioblastoma) and blindness due to diabetes (diabetic retinopathy). He has published over 350 peer reviewed papers and has been the promotor of 35 PhD students so far. He won the Robert Feulgen Prize of the Society for Histochemistry in 1987 together with Roger Butcher for their contribution to quantitative analysis of enzyme activity in situ. He presented the first Piet Van Duijn Lecture of the Dutch Foundation Histochemistry in Kyoto, Japan, 1996 on live cell imaging. In 2008 he won the David Glick Award of the International Federation of Societies for Histochemistry and Cytochemistry and in 2015, he won the George Gomari award of the Histochemical Society.
Conflict of interest statement: Authors state no conflict of interest. All authors have read the journal’s Publication ethics and publication malpractice statement available at the journal’s website and hereby confirm that they comply with all its parts applicable to the present scientific work.
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