Abstract
Objectives
The biological performance of aluminum oxide-titanium (Al2O3-Ti) composites requires special attention to achieve improved osteoblastic differentiation, and subsequent osseointegration/strong anchorage with the surrounding bone. Therefore, the aim of this study was to improve them by providing calcium phosphate (Ca-P)/bovine serum albumin (BSA) coating on their surfaces.
Methods
Ca-P)/BSA coatings were prepared on the surfaces of 75vol.%Ti composites (75Ti-BSA) and pure Ti (100Ti-BSA as a control). The surface characteristics, phase analysis, micro-hardness, BSA release profile and biological responses including cytotoxicity, cell viability, differentiation, mineralization, and cell adhesion were evaluated.
Results
The results showed that lower cytotoxicity% and higher mitochondrial activity or viability % were associated with the samples with Ca-P/BSA coatings (particularly 75Ti-BSA having 21.3% cytotoxicity, 111.4% and 288.6% viability at day 1 and 7, respectively). Furthermore, the Ca-P/BSA coating could highly enhance the differentiation of pre-osteoblast cells into osteoblasts in 75Ti-BSA group (ALP concentration of 4.8 ng/ml). However, its influence on cell differentiation in 100Ti-BSA group was negligible. Similar results were also obtained from mineralization assay. The results on cell adhesion revealed that the Ca-P/BSA coated samples differently interacted with MC3T3-E1 cells; enlarged flat cells on 75Ti-BSA vs more spindle-shaped cells on 100Ti-BSA.
Conclusions
Ca-P/BSA coated Al2O3-Ti provided promising biological performance, superior to that of uncoated composites. Therefore, they have the potential to improve implant osseointegration.
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Research ethics: This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
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Informed consent: Not applicable.
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Author contributions: Hamid Reza Sameni: experiment design, and writing and reviewing. Samaneh Arab: conceptualization, experiment design, experimentation, writing and reviewing. Nesa Doostmohammadi: experimentation, writing and reviewing. Marjan Bahraminasab: conceptualization, experimentation, data analysis, provision of study materials, writing and reviewing.
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Competing interests: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
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Research funding: Semnan University of Medical Sciences (No. 1310).
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Data availability: The data that support the findings of this study will be available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request.
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