Abstract
Manggala (忙哥剌 d. 1278）was the third son of Qubilai Qa’an (r. 1260–1294) and his chief wife, Chabi Qatun (察必 d. 1281). Although he was not the crown prince he ruled over a large and strategic territory between the frontiers of the Southern Song before it was fully conquered, and the northwestern frontier, where some of the Mongol princes still challenged Qubilai’s legitimacy as the Great Khan. In spite of this, Prince Manggala does not have a biography in the Yuanshi, and is mainly remembered as the father of Prince Ananda, Qubilai’s grandson, famous for embracing Islam. However, juxtaposing sources from different parts of the Mongol empire to compile Prince Manggala’s biography shows that he appears to have been a governor and capable military commander, who established his own princely administrative system, Wangxiangfu (王相府), showed interest in both Islam and Buddhism and addressed the various peoples and religions in his heterogeneous domain differently, thereby enhancing his legitimation. Manggala’s annotated biography can expand our knowledge of the role and status of princes in the Yuan dynasty (元代 1271–1368), as well as shed light on both administration and cross-cultural contacts in northwest China during the early Yuan era.
Funding statement: This research received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007–2013)/ERC grant Agreement n. 312397 and was supported by the Confucius China study program.
Acknowledgments
I would like to thank the people who assisted me during the preparation of this paper, Professor Michal Biran for her valuable comments and remarks during the writing process, to Yoichi Isahaya for his help with materials in Japanese and Amit Niv for helping me create the Map.
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