Genetic studies of 5 species of macaques using G-banding patterns were investigated. Blood samples of them were examined using lymphocyte culture technique. The results indicate that they have identical data including the number of diploid chromosome is 42; the types of autosomes are metacentrics and submetacentrics viz. 6 large metacentrics, 4 medium metacentrics and 8 small metacentrics, and 8 large submetacentrics, 12 medium submetacentrics and 2 small submetacentrics; the short arm of chromosome pair 13 is a satellite chromosome. A few difference is X and Y chromosome. The X and Y chromosomes are medium submetacentrics and medium metacentrics, and small submetacentric, medium submetacentric and small telocentrics, respectively. The cytogenetic studies show that all 5 species Thai macaques have a common evolutionary relationship. For studying in depths, molecular markers were assessed using the Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) method. The AFLP fingerprints from 7 primer combinations were compared. A total of 1754 bands, with 890 (50.71%) polymorphic bands, were generated. Seven monomorphic bands (0.78%) were found in all individuals of macaques. The average genetic distance (D) between species based on AFLP analysis shows 0.269 to 0.380. The developing of specific cytogenetic and AFLP fingerprints of a species is possible further benefit for humanity.