BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

An Analysis of Ibn Sīnā’s Theory of Emanation in Light of Aquinas’ Criticisms

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 56 Sayı: 2, 77 - 102, 01.08.2015
https://doi.org/10.1501/Ilhfak_0000001435

Öz

There have been two main responses to the question of how existence other than God came about: 1) Creation that occurred directly and out of nothing at once; 2) the emanation theory that existence gradually proceeded in a way of overflowing from the First. While one of the most important concerns of the creation theory is the categorical distinction of God from His creatures and the preservation of His creative attribute, the underlying characteristic of the emanation theory, which is grounded on the idea of God’s absolute simplicity, is the claim that everything gradually emanated from the ultimate source, that is, God. İbn Sīnā, who is the most prominent representative of the emanation theory in Islamic thought, re-interpreted certain philosophical issues of emanation in accordance with Islamic theology. In this study, I first evaluate and discuss the main lines of Avicenna’s emanation theory, and then discuss the value of Aquinas’ criticisms on such issues as the necessary procession of things without will, inexplicability of the multiplicity of things through the principle that ‘only one can proceed out of one,’ and whether or not there is an aim in emanation

Kaynakça

  • Acar, Rahim. “Avicenna’s Position Concerning the Basis of the Divine Creative Action,” The Muslim World 94 (2004), ss.65-79.
  • ---------. “Creation: A Comparative Study Between Avicenna’s and Aquinas’ Positions,” Doktora Tezi, Harvard Üniversitesi, Cambridge, MA, 2002.
  • Aquinas, Thomas. On Power of God. terc. Richard J. Regan, New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.
  • ---------. Summa Theologica, 5 c. Terc. Fathers of the English Dominican Province. Notre Dame: Ave Maria Press, 1998.
  • ---------. On the Truth of the Catholic Faith: Summa Contra Gentiles. Terc. Anton C. Pegis New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1956.
  • ---------. On Truth. Terc. R. Mulligan, J. McGlyn and R. Schmidt.Chicago: Henry Regnery Co., 1952.
  • ---------. On the Eternity of the World (De Aeternitate Mundi). İng. terc. T. Robert Miller, 1991-97. http://dhspriory.org/thomas/DeEternitateMundi.htm (11.06.2015).
  • ---------. Sicriptum super Libros Sententiarum Magistri Petri Lombardi. Roma: Editiones Collegii S. Bonaventurae ad Claras Aquas, 1971-81.
  • Aristoteles. Metaphysics. İngilizce terc. Richard Hope. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1960.
  • ---------. The Basic Works of Aristotle, ed. Richard McKeon. New York: Random House, 2001.
  • Atay, Hüseyin. Farabi ve İbn Sina’ya Göre Yaratma. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi İlâhiyat Fakültesi Yayınları, 1974.
  • Beatrice, H. Zedler, “Saint Thomas and Avicenna in the ‘De Potentia Dei’,” Traditio 6 (1948), ss.105-159.
  • ---------. İbn Sina’da Varlık Nazariyesi. Ankara: Kültür Bakanlığı Yayınları, 2001.
  • Bolay, Süleyman Hayri. “Akıl,” Diyanet İslâm Ansiklopedisi (DİA), c.2, ss.238-242.
  • Burrell, David B. “Creation and Emanation: Two Paradigms of Reason,” David B. Burrell and Bernard McGinn (ed.), God and Creation: An Ecumenical Symposium (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1990), içinde, ss.27-37.
  • ---------. Knowing the Unknowable God: Ibn-Sina, Maimonides, Aquinas. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1986.
  • Costa, D’Ancona. “The Origin of Islamic Philosophy,” Lloyd P. Gerson (ed.), The Cambridge History of Philosophy in Late Antiquity (Cambridge University Press, 2012) içinde, ss.869-893.
  • Erdem, Engin ve Necmettin Pehlivan. “Varlığın ve Yokluğun Ötesi: Kemalpaşazâde’nin ‘Leys ve Eys’in Anlamının İncelenmesine Dair Risâle’si,” İslam Araştırmaları Dergisi 27 (2012), ss.87-116. el-İazālī. Tehāfutu’l-Felāsife. Tah. Suleymān Dunyā. Kahire: Dāru’l-Me ārif, 1980.
  • Gilson, Etienne. The Spirit of Mediaeval Philosophy. Terc. A. H. C. Downes. South Bend: University of Notre Dame Press, 1991.
  • Goodman, L. E. “Three Meanings of the Idea of Creation,” David Burrell and Bernard McGinn (ed.), God and Creation (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1990) içinde, ss.85-113.
  • Houser, R. Edward. “Avicenna, Aliqui, and the Thomistic Doctrine of Creation,” Recherche de Théologie et Philosophie Médiévale 80:1 (2013), ss.17-55.
  • İbn Sīnā. El-İşārāt ve’t-Tenbīhāt bi-Şerḥi’ṭ-Ṭūsī. 4 c. Tah. Suleymān Dunyā, 2. Bsk. Kahire: Dāru’l-Me ārif, 1960.
  • ---------. Et-Ta liḳāt. Tah. Abdurraḥmān Bedevī. Kahire: el-Hey etu’l-Miṣriyyetu’l
  • Āmme li’l-Kitāb, 1973.
  • ---------. Kitābu’ş-Şifā : el-İlāhiyyāt. 2 c. Tah. G. C. Anawātī, Sa īd Zāyed. Kahire, 1960.
  • ---------. Kitābu’n-Necāh. Tah. Mācid Faḫrī. Beyrut: Dāru’l-Āfāḳi’l-Cedīde, 1985.
  • ---------. “er-Risāletu’l- Arşiyye,” Mecmū u’r-Rasā il (Ḥaydarābād: Dā iratu-l Me ârifi’l- Us̠ māniyye, 1354) içinde, ss.2-19.
  • ---------. The Metaphysica of Avicenna (ibn Sīnā): A critical translation- commentary and analysis of the fundamental arguments in Avicenna's Metaphysica in the Dānish Nāma-i ‘alā ī (The Book of Scientific Knowledge). New York: Columbia University Press, 1973.
  • Lee, Patrick. “The Relation between Intellect and Will in Free Choice According to Aquinas and Scotus,” The Thomist 49 (1985), ss.321-340.
  • Marmura, Michael. “Some Aspect of Avicenna’s Theory of God’s Knowledge of Particulars,” Journal of American Oriental Society 82 (1962), ss.299-312.
  • Morewedge, Parviz, “The Logic of Emanationism and Ṣūfism in the Philosophy of Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna), Part II,” American Oriental Society 92:1 (1972), ss.1- 18.
  • Nasr, Seyyed Hossain. An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrine. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1964.
  • Pegis, Anthon. “St. Thomas and the Origin of Creation,” F. X. Canfield (ed.), Philosophy and the Modern Mind (Detroit: L. Sacred Heart Seminary, 1961) içinde, ss.49-65.
  • Plotinus. Enneads. İngilizce terc. Stephen Mackenna, with an introduction by Poul Henry. London: Oxford Univesity Press, 1991.
  • Sorabji, Richard. Matter, Space, and Motion. London: Duckworth, 1988.
  • Velde, Rudi te. Aquinas on God: The ‘Divine Science’ of the Summa Theologiae (Ashgate Studies in the History of Philosophical Theology). Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Company, 2006.
  • Wickens, G. M. “Some Aspects of Avicenna’s Work,” G. M. Wickens (ed.), Avicenna: Scientist and Philosopher (London: Luzac, 1952) içinde, ss.49- 65.
  • Wippel, John F. Metaphysical Themes in Thomas Aquinas (Studies in Philosophy and the History of Philosophy vol.10). Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press, 1988.
  • ---------. Metaphysical Themes in Thomas Aquinas II (Studies in Philosophy and the History of Philosophy vol.47). Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America, 2007.
  • Zaehner, Robert Charles. The Dawn and Twilight of Zoroastrianism. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1961.

Aquinas’ın Eleştirileri Bağlamında İbn Sīnā’nın Sudûr Nazariyesinin Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 56 Sayı: 2, 77 - 102, 01.08.2015
https://doi.org/10.1501/Ilhfak_0000001435

Öz

Tanrı dışındaki varlıkların nasıl vucûd bulduğu sorusuna iki farklı yanıt verilmiştir: 1) Doğrudan ve bir anda yoktan vuku bulan yaratma; 2) İlk’ten varlığın bir anda feyezan etmesi şeklindeki Sudûr nazariyesi. Yoktan yaratma anlayışını savunanların en önemli kaygılarından birisi, Tanrı’nın yaratıcı sıfatını ve Tanrı ile yaratılmışlar arasındaki farklılığın öne çıkarılması iken, Tanrı’nın mutlak basitliğini esas alan Sudûr nazariyesinin en önemli özelliği, var olan her şeyin, nihai kaynağı olan Tanrı’dan tedricen feyezan ettiğini ileri sürmesidir. İkinci görüşün İslam düşüncesindeki en önemli temsilcisi olan İbn Sīnā, Neo-Platonik Sudûr nazariyesini kısmen kabul etmekle birlikte, görünürde İslam teolojisi ile bağdaşmayan meseleleri yeniden yorumlamıştır. Bu çalışmamızda, ilk olarak İbn Sīnā’nın Sudûr nazariyesini ana hatlarıyla değerlendirdikten sonra Aquinas’ın, İbn Sīnā’nın Sudûr nazariyesine yönelttiği, sudûrun zorunlu ve gayr-i ihtiyarî bir şekilde gerçekleştiği; şeylerin kesretinin ‘birden yalnızca bir çıkar’ ilkesi bağlamında açıklanamayacağı, sudûrun bir maksadının olup olmadığı vb. hususlarındaki eleştirilerinin haklılık değerini tartışacağız

Kaynakça

  • Acar, Rahim. “Avicenna’s Position Concerning the Basis of the Divine Creative Action,” The Muslim World 94 (2004), ss.65-79.
  • ---------. “Creation: A Comparative Study Between Avicenna’s and Aquinas’ Positions,” Doktora Tezi, Harvard Üniversitesi, Cambridge, MA, 2002.
  • Aquinas, Thomas. On Power of God. terc. Richard J. Regan, New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.
  • ---------. Summa Theologica, 5 c. Terc. Fathers of the English Dominican Province. Notre Dame: Ave Maria Press, 1998.
  • ---------. On the Truth of the Catholic Faith: Summa Contra Gentiles. Terc. Anton C. Pegis New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1956.
  • ---------. On Truth. Terc. R. Mulligan, J. McGlyn and R. Schmidt.Chicago: Henry Regnery Co., 1952.
  • ---------. On the Eternity of the World (De Aeternitate Mundi). İng. terc. T. Robert Miller, 1991-97. http://dhspriory.org/thomas/DeEternitateMundi.htm (11.06.2015).
  • ---------. Sicriptum super Libros Sententiarum Magistri Petri Lombardi. Roma: Editiones Collegii S. Bonaventurae ad Claras Aquas, 1971-81.
  • Aristoteles. Metaphysics. İngilizce terc. Richard Hope. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1960.
  • ---------. The Basic Works of Aristotle, ed. Richard McKeon. New York: Random House, 2001.
  • Atay, Hüseyin. Farabi ve İbn Sina’ya Göre Yaratma. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi İlâhiyat Fakültesi Yayınları, 1974.
  • Beatrice, H. Zedler, “Saint Thomas and Avicenna in the ‘De Potentia Dei’,” Traditio 6 (1948), ss.105-159.
  • ---------. İbn Sina’da Varlık Nazariyesi. Ankara: Kültür Bakanlığı Yayınları, 2001.
  • Bolay, Süleyman Hayri. “Akıl,” Diyanet İslâm Ansiklopedisi (DİA), c.2, ss.238-242.
  • Burrell, David B. “Creation and Emanation: Two Paradigms of Reason,” David B. Burrell and Bernard McGinn (ed.), God and Creation: An Ecumenical Symposium (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1990), içinde, ss.27-37.
  • ---------. Knowing the Unknowable God: Ibn-Sina, Maimonides, Aquinas. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1986.
  • Costa, D’Ancona. “The Origin of Islamic Philosophy,” Lloyd P. Gerson (ed.), The Cambridge History of Philosophy in Late Antiquity (Cambridge University Press, 2012) içinde, ss.869-893.
  • Erdem, Engin ve Necmettin Pehlivan. “Varlığın ve Yokluğun Ötesi: Kemalpaşazâde’nin ‘Leys ve Eys’in Anlamının İncelenmesine Dair Risâle’si,” İslam Araştırmaları Dergisi 27 (2012), ss.87-116. el-İazālī. Tehāfutu’l-Felāsife. Tah. Suleymān Dunyā. Kahire: Dāru’l-Me ārif, 1980.
  • Gilson, Etienne. The Spirit of Mediaeval Philosophy. Terc. A. H. C. Downes. South Bend: University of Notre Dame Press, 1991.
  • Goodman, L. E. “Three Meanings of the Idea of Creation,” David Burrell and Bernard McGinn (ed.), God and Creation (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1990) içinde, ss.85-113.
  • Houser, R. Edward. “Avicenna, Aliqui, and the Thomistic Doctrine of Creation,” Recherche de Théologie et Philosophie Médiévale 80:1 (2013), ss.17-55.
  • İbn Sīnā. El-İşārāt ve’t-Tenbīhāt bi-Şerḥi’ṭ-Ṭūsī. 4 c. Tah. Suleymān Dunyā, 2. Bsk. Kahire: Dāru’l-Me ārif, 1960.
  • ---------. Et-Ta liḳāt. Tah. Abdurraḥmān Bedevī. Kahire: el-Hey etu’l-Miṣriyyetu’l
  • Āmme li’l-Kitāb, 1973.
  • ---------. Kitābu’ş-Şifā : el-İlāhiyyāt. 2 c. Tah. G. C. Anawātī, Sa īd Zāyed. Kahire, 1960.
  • ---------. Kitābu’n-Necāh. Tah. Mācid Faḫrī. Beyrut: Dāru’l-Āfāḳi’l-Cedīde, 1985.
  • ---------. “er-Risāletu’l- Arşiyye,” Mecmū u’r-Rasā il (Ḥaydarābād: Dā iratu-l Me ârifi’l- Us̠ māniyye, 1354) içinde, ss.2-19.
  • ---------. The Metaphysica of Avicenna (ibn Sīnā): A critical translation- commentary and analysis of the fundamental arguments in Avicenna's Metaphysica in the Dānish Nāma-i ‘alā ī (The Book of Scientific Knowledge). New York: Columbia University Press, 1973.
  • Lee, Patrick. “The Relation between Intellect and Will in Free Choice According to Aquinas and Scotus,” The Thomist 49 (1985), ss.321-340.
  • Marmura, Michael. “Some Aspect of Avicenna’s Theory of God’s Knowledge of Particulars,” Journal of American Oriental Society 82 (1962), ss.299-312.
  • Morewedge, Parviz, “The Logic of Emanationism and Ṣūfism in the Philosophy of Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna), Part II,” American Oriental Society 92:1 (1972), ss.1- 18.
  • Nasr, Seyyed Hossain. An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrine. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1964.
  • Pegis, Anthon. “St. Thomas and the Origin of Creation,” F. X. Canfield (ed.), Philosophy and the Modern Mind (Detroit: L. Sacred Heart Seminary, 1961) içinde, ss.49-65.
  • Plotinus. Enneads. İngilizce terc. Stephen Mackenna, with an introduction by Poul Henry. London: Oxford Univesity Press, 1991.
  • Sorabji, Richard. Matter, Space, and Motion. London: Duckworth, 1988.
  • Velde, Rudi te. Aquinas on God: The ‘Divine Science’ of the Summa Theologiae (Ashgate Studies in the History of Philosophical Theology). Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Company, 2006.
  • Wickens, G. M. “Some Aspects of Avicenna’s Work,” G. M. Wickens (ed.), Avicenna: Scientist and Philosopher (London: Luzac, 1952) içinde, ss.49- 65.
  • Wippel, John F. Metaphysical Themes in Thomas Aquinas (Studies in Philosophy and the History of Philosophy vol.10). Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press, 1988.
  • ---------. Metaphysical Themes in Thomas Aquinas II (Studies in Philosophy and the History of Philosophy vol.47). Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America, 2007.
  • Zaehner, Robert Charles. The Dawn and Twilight of Zoroastrianism. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1961.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA86UT57EA
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Mehmet Ata Az Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ağustos 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 56 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Az, Mehmet Ata. “Aquinas’ın Eleştirileri Bağlamında İbn Sīnā’nın Sudûr Nazariyesinin Değerlendirilmesi”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 56, sy. 2 (Ağustos 2015): 77-102. https://doi.org/10.1501/Ilhfak_0000001435.

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