Derleme
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

BEYOND CHRONOLOGICAL AGE: HISTORY, DEFINITION AND CURRENT FINDINGS OF THE STUDY OF SUBJECTIVE AGE

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 44, 234 - 261, 31.08.2023
https://doi.org/10.14520/adyusbd.1231628

Öz

Subjective age has been defined as a concept based on the extent to which individuals feel young or old and offers the opportunity to explore the aging process and has received dramatic attention in the developmental psychology literature in recent years. Researchers have stated that individuals' personal evaluations of how old they feel and where they are in the aging process are affected by both individual and social factors, and in this respect, subjective age has a complex structure. In addition, current research findings show that feeling younger than one's chronological age is associated with a number of positive developmental outcomes such as better physical and cognitive health, higher life satisfaction, less cognitive decline, lower morbidity, and longer survival. The purpose of this review, after giving a brief information about the definition and history of the concept of subjective age, is to deal with the concepts related to subjective age and to reveal what kind of a pattern subjective age follows throughout lifespan. In the following sections, current research findings on variables that predict and are predicted by subjective age are presented, and methodological problems related to the measurement of subjective age are addressed.

Proje Numarası

Bulunmamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Barak, B. (2009). Age identity: A cross-cultural global approach. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 33(1), 2–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025408099485
  • Barrett, A. E., ve Montepare, J. M. (2015). “It’s about time”: Applying life span and life course perspectives to the study of subjective age. Annual Review of Gerontology And Geriatrics, Subjective Aging: New Developments And Future Directions (55–77). Springer Publishing Company.
  • Bennett, T., & Gaines, J. (2010). Believing what you hear: The impact of aging stereotypes upon the old. Educational Gerontology, 36(5), 435-445. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601270903212336
  • Birren, J.E., ve Cunningham, W.R. (1985). Research on the psychology of aging: Principles, concepts and theory. Handbook of The Psychology Of Aging (3–34). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
  • Blöchl, M., Nestler, S., & Weiss, D. (2021). A limit of the subjective age bias: Feeling younger to a certain degree, but no more, is beneficial for life satisfaction. Psychology and Aging, 36(3), 360–372. https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000578
  • Caudroit, J., Stephan, Y., Chalabaev, A., ve Le Scanff, C. (2012). Subjective age and social-cognitive determinants of physical activity in active older adults. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 20(4), 484-496. https://doi.org/10.1123/japa.20.4.484
  • Choi, N. G., ve DiNitto, D. M. (2014). Felt age and cognitive-affective depressive symptoms in late life. Aging & Mental Health, 18(7), 833-837. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2014.886669
  • Diehl, M. K., ve Wahl, H. W. (2010). Awareness of age-related change: Examination of a (mostly) unexplored concept. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 65, 340–350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbp110
  • Diehl, M., Wahl, H. W., Barrett, A. E., Brothers, A. F., Miche, M., Montepare, J. M., Westerhof, G. J. ve Wurm, S. (2014). Awareness of aging: Theoretical considerations on an emerging concept. Developmental Review, 34, 93–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2014.01.001
  • Diehl, M., Wahl, H.-W., Brothers, A., ve Miche, M. (2015). Subjective aging and awareness of aging: Toward a new understanding of the aging self. Annual Review of Gerontology And Geriatrics, Subjective Aging: New Developments And Future Directions (1–28). Springer Publishing Company.
  • Galambos, N. L., Albrecht, A. K., ve Jansson, S. M. (2009). Dating, sex, and substance use predict increases in adolescents' subjective age across two years. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 33(1), 32–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025408095552
  • Galambos, N. L., Turner, P. K., ve Tilton-Weaver, L. C. (2005). Chronological and subjective age in emerging adulthood: The crossover effect. Journal of Adolescent Research, 20, 538–556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0743558405274876
  • Hubley, A. M., ve Russell, L. B. (2009). Prediction of subjective age, desired age, and age satisfaction in older adults: Do some health dimensions contribute more than others? International Journal of Behavioral Development, 33(1), 12–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025408099486
  • Hughes, M. L., Geraci, L., ve De Forrest, R. L. (2013). Aging 5 years in 5 minutes: The effect of taking a memory test on older adults’ subjective age. Psychological Science, 24(12), 2481-2488. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613494853
  • Hughes, M. L., ve Touron, D. R. (2021). Aging in context: Incorporating everyday experiences into the study of subjective age. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 633234. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.633234
  • Infurna, F. J., Gerstorf, D., Robertson, S., Berg, S., ve Zarit, S. H. (2010). The nature and cross-domain correlates of subjective age in the oldest old: Evidence from the OCTO Study. Psychology and Aging, 25(2), 470–476. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017979
  • Kastenbaum, R., Derbin, V., Sabatini, P., ve Artt, S. (1972). “The ages of me”: Toward personal and interpersonal defi nitions of functional aging. Aging and Human Development, 3, 197–211. Kaufman, G., ve Elder, G. H. (2002). Revisiting age identity: A research note. Journal of Aging Studies, 16(2), 169–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0890-4065(02)00042-7
  • Kleinspehn-Ammerlahn, A., Kotter-Grühn, D., ve Smith, J. (2008). Self-perceptions of aging: Do subjective age and satisfaction with aging change during old age?. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 63(6), 377-385. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/63.6.P377
  • Kornadt, A. E., Hess, T. M., Voss, P., ve Rothermund, K. (2018). Subjective age across the life span: A differentiated, longitudinal approach. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 73(5), 767-777. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbw072
  • Kotter-Grühn, D. (2015). Changing Negative Views of Aging: Implications for Intervention and Translational Research. Annual Review Of Gerontology And Geriatrics,Subjective Aging: New Developments And Future Directions (167–187). Springer Publishing Company.
  • Kotter-Grühn, D., ve Hess, T. M. (2012). The impact of age stereotypes on self-perceptions of aging across the adult lifespan. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 67(5), 563-571. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbr153
  • Kotter-Grühn, D., Kleinspehn-Ammerlahn, A., Gerstorf, D., ve Smith, J. (2009). Self-perceptions of aging predict mortality and change with approaching death: 16-year longitudinal results from the Berlin Aging Study. Psychology and Aging, 24(3), 654–667. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016510
  • Kotter-Grühn, D., Kornadt, A. E., ve Stephan, Y. (2016). Looking beyond chronological age: Current knowledge and future directions in the study of subjective age. Gerontology, 62(1), 86-93. https://doi.org/10.1159/000438671
  • Kwak, S., Kim, H., Chey, J., ve Youm, Y. (2018). Feeling how old I am: Subjective age is associated with estimated brain age. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 168. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2018.00168
  • Levy, B. R., Slade, M. D., Kunkel, S. R., ve Kasl, S. V. (2002). Longevity increased by positive self-perceptions of aging. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 261–270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.83.2.261
  • MacDonald, S.W.S., DeCarlo, C.A., ve Dixon, R.A. (2011). Linking biological and cognitive aging: toward improving characterizations of developmental time. The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 66, 59–70. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbr039
  • Macia, E., Duboz, P., Montepare, J. M., ve Gueye, L. (2012). Age identity, self-rated health, and life satisfaction among older adults in Dakar, Senegal. European Journal of Ageing, 9(3), 243-253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-012-0227-7
  • Montepare, J. M. (1996). Actual and subjective age-related differences in women's attitudes toward their bodies across the life span. Journal of Adult Development, 3(3), 171-182.
  • Montepare, J. M. (2009). Subjective age: Toward a guiding lifespan framework. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 33, 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025408095551
  • Montepare, J. M., ve Lachman, M. E. (1989). "You're only as old as you feel": Self-perceptions of age, fears of aging, and life satisfaction from adolescence to old age. Psychology and Aging, 4(1), 73–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.4.1.73
  • Pinquart, M., & Wahl, H.-W. (2021). Subjective age from childhood to advanced old age: A meta-analysis. Psychology and Aging, 36(3), 394–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000600
  • Rubin, D. C., ve Berntsen, D. (2006). People over forty feel 20% younger than their age: Subjective age across the lifespan. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13, 776–780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758?BF03193996
  • Schafer, M. H., ve Shippee, T. P. (2010). Age identity, gender, and perceptions of decline: does feeling older lead to pessimistic dispositions about cognitive aging?. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 65(1), 91-96. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbp046
  • Settersten, R. A. ve Hagestad, G. O. (2015). Subjective Aging and New Complexities of the Life Course. Annual Review Of Gerontology And Geriatrics, Subjective aging: New developments and Future Directions (29-55). Springer Publishing Company.
  • Sneed, J. R., ve Whitbourne, S. K. (2005). Models of the Aging Self. Journal of Social Issues, 61(2), 375–388. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2005.00411.x
  • Soylu, C. (2022). Socio-demographic correlates of subjective age in young and middle-aged adults. Personality and Individual Differences, 197, 111782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2022.111782
  • Spuling, S. M., Miche, M., Wurm, S., ve Wahl, H.-W. (2013). Exploring the causal interplay of subjective age and health dimensions in the second half of life: A cross-lagged panel analysis. Zeitschrift für Gesundheitspsychologie, 21(1), 5–15. https://doi.org/10.1026/0943-8149/a000084
  • Staudinger, U. M. (2015). Images of Aging: Outside and Inside Perspectives. Annual review of gerontology and geriatrics, Vol. 35, 2015: Subjective aging: New developments and future directions (187–211). Springer Publishing Company.
  • Stephan, Y., Caudroit, J., ve Chalabaev, A. (2011). Subjective health and memory self-efficacy as mediators in the relation between subjective age and life satisfaction among older adults. Aging & Mental Health, 15(4), 428-436. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2010.536138
  • Stephan, Y., Caudroit, J., Jaconelli, A., ve Terracciano, A. (2014). Subjective age and cognitive functioning: A 10-year prospective study. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 22(11), 1180-1187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2013.03.007
  • Stephan, Y., Chalabaev, A., Kotter-Grühn, D., ve Jaconelli, A. (2013). "Feeling younger, being stronger": An experimental study of subjective age and physical functioning among older adults. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 68(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbs037
  • Stephan, Y., Demulier, V., ve Terracciano, A. (2012). Personality, self-rated health, and subjective age in a life-span sample: The moderating role of chronological age. Psychology and Aging, 27(4), 875–880. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028301
  • Stephan, Y., Sutin, A. R., Caudroit, J., ve Terracciano, A. (2016a). Subjective age and changes in memory in older adults. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 71(4), 675-683. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbv010
  • Stephan, Y., Sutin, A. R., veTerracciano, A. (2015a). How old do you feel? The role of age discrimination and biological aging in subjective age. PloS One, 10(3), e0119293. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119293
  • Stephan, Y., Sutin, A. R., ve Terracciano, A. (2015b). Subjective age and personality development: A 10‐year study. Journal of Personality, 83(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12090
  • Stephan, Y., Sutin, A. R., ve Terracciano, A. (2016). Feeling older and risk of hospitalization: Evidence from three longitudinal cohorts. Health Psychology, 35(6), 634–637. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000335
  • Stephan, Y., Sutin, A. R., ve Terracciano, A. (2019). Subjective age and Cystatin C among older adults. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 74(3), 382–388. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbx124
  • Stephan, Y., Sutin, A. R., & Terracciano, A. (2020). Physical activity and subjective age across adulthood in four samples. European Journal of Ageing, 17, 469-476. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-019-00537-7
  • Teuscher, U. (2009). Subjective age bias: A motivational and information processing approach. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 33(1), 22–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025408099487
  • Uotinen, V., Rantanen, T., ve Suutama, T. (2005). Perceived age as a predictor of old age mortality: A 13-year prospective study. Age and Ageing, 34, 368–372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afi091
  • Weiss, D., ve Lang, F. R. (2012). “They” are old but “I” feel younger: Age-group dissociation as a self-protective strategy in old age. Psychology and Aging, 27, 153–163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0024887
  • Westerhof, G. J., Barrett, A. E., ve Steverink, N. (2003). Forever young? A comparison of age identities in the United States and Germany. Research on Aging, 25(4), 366–383. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027503025004002
  • Westerhof, G. J., Whitbourne, S. K., ve Freeman, G. P. (2012). The aging self in a cultural context: The relation of conceptions of aging to identity processes and self-esteem in the United States and the Netherlands. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 67(1), 52-60. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbr075
  • Westerhof, G. J., Miche, M., Brothers, A. F., Barrett, A. E., Diehl, M., Montepare, J. M., Wahl, H.-W., ve Wurm, S. (2014). The influence of subjective aging on health and longevity: A meta-analysis of longitudinal data. Psychology and Aging, 29(4), 793–802. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038016
  • Westerhof, G. J., ve Wurm, S. (2015). Longitudinal research on subjective aging, health, and longevity: Current evidence and new directions for research. Annual Review Of Gerontology And Geriatrics, Subjective Aging: New Developments And Future Directions (145–165). Springer Publishing Company.
  • Wienert, J., Kuhlmann, T., ve Lippke, S. (2015). Direct effects of a domain-specific subjective age measure on self-reported physical activity—Is it more important how old you are or how old you feel? Health Psychology Report, 3(2), 131–139. https://doi.org/10.5114/hpr.2015.51450
  • Wurm, S., Warner, L. M., Ziegelmann, J. P., Wolff, J. K., ve Schüz, B. (2013). How do negative self-perceptions of aging become a self-fulfilling prophecy? Psychology and Aging, 28(4), 1088–1097. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032845

KRONOLOJİK YAŞIN ÖTESİNDE: ÖZNEL YAŞ ÇALIŞMALARININ TARİHİ, TANIMI VE GÜNCEL BULGULAR

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 44, 234 - 261, 31.08.2023
https://doi.org/10.14520/adyusbd.1231628

Öz

Öznel yaş, bireylerin kendilerini ne ölçüde genç ya da yaşlı hissettikleri temeline dayanan ve yaşlanma sürecini keşfetme fırsatı sunan bir kavram olarak tanımlanmış ve son yıllarda özellikle gelişim psikolojisi alan yazınında ciddi anlamda ilgi görmüştür. Araştırmacılar, bireylerin kendilerini kaç yaşında hissettikleri ve yaşlanma sürecinin neresinde oldukları hakkındaki kişisel değerlendirmelerinin, hem bireysel hem de toplumsal faktörlerden etkilendiğini ve bu bakımdan öznel yaşın karmaşık bir yapıya sahip olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Ayrıca, güncel araştırma bulguları bireyin kendisini kronolojik yaşından daha genç hissetmesinin daha iyi fiziksel ve bilişsel sağlık, daha yüksek yaşam doyumu, daha az bilişsel gerilemeler, daha düşük morbidite ve daha uzun ömür gibi bir dizi olumlu gelişimsel sonuçlar ile ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı, öznel yaş kavramının tanımı ve tarihi ile ilgili kısa bir bilgi verdikten sonra öznel yaşla ilişkili kavramları ele almak ve öznel yaşın yaşam boyu nasıl bir örüntü izlediğini ortaya koymaktır. İzleyen bölümlerde ise öznel yaşı yordayan ve öznel yaş tarafından yordanan değişkenlerle ilgili güncel araştırma bulguları sunularak öznel yaşın ölçümü ile ilgili yöntemsel sorunlara değinilmiştir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Bulunmamaktadır.

Proje Numarası

Bulunmamaktadır.

Teşekkür

Bulunmamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Barak, B. (2009). Age identity: A cross-cultural global approach. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 33(1), 2–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025408099485
  • Barrett, A. E., ve Montepare, J. M. (2015). “It’s about time”: Applying life span and life course perspectives to the study of subjective age. Annual Review of Gerontology And Geriatrics, Subjective Aging: New Developments And Future Directions (55–77). Springer Publishing Company.
  • Bennett, T., & Gaines, J. (2010). Believing what you hear: The impact of aging stereotypes upon the old. Educational Gerontology, 36(5), 435-445. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601270903212336
  • Birren, J.E., ve Cunningham, W.R. (1985). Research on the psychology of aging: Principles, concepts and theory. Handbook of The Psychology Of Aging (3–34). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
  • Blöchl, M., Nestler, S., & Weiss, D. (2021). A limit of the subjective age bias: Feeling younger to a certain degree, but no more, is beneficial for life satisfaction. Psychology and Aging, 36(3), 360–372. https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000578
  • Caudroit, J., Stephan, Y., Chalabaev, A., ve Le Scanff, C. (2012). Subjective age and social-cognitive determinants of physical activity in active older adults. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 20(4), 484-496. https://doi.org/10.1123/japa.20.4.484
  • Choi, N. G., ve DiNitto, D. M. (2014). Felt age and cognitive-affective depressive symptoms in late life. Aging & Mental Health, 18(7), 833-837. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2014.886669
  • Diehl, M. K., ve Wahl, H. W. (2010). Awareness of age-related change: Examination of a (mostly) unexplored concept. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 65, 340–350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbp110
  • Diehl, M., Wahl, H. W., Barrett, A. E., Brothers, A. F., Miche, M., Montepare, J. M., Westerhof, G. J. ve Wurm, S. (2014). Awareness of aging: Theoretical considerations on an emerging concept. Developmental Review, 34, 93–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2014.01.001
  • Diehl, M., Wahl, H.-W., Brothers, A., ve Miche, M. (2015). Subjective aging and awareness of aging: Toward a new understanding of the aging self. Annual Review of Gerontology And Geriatrics, Subjective Aging: New Developments And Future Directions (1–28). Springer Publishing Company.
  • Galambos, N. L., Albrecht, A. K., ve Jansson, S. M. (2009). Dating, sex, and substance use predict increases in adolescents' subjective age across two years. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 33(1), 32–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025408095552
  • Galambos, N. L., Turner, P. K., ve Tilton-Weaver, L. C. (2005). Chronological and subjective age in emerging adulthood: The crossover effect. Journal of Adolescent Research, 20, 538–556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0743558405274876
  • Hubley, A. M., ve Russell, L. B. (2009). Prediction of subjective age, desired age, and age satisfaction in older adults: Do some health dimensions contribute more than others? International Journal of Behavioral Development, 33(1), 12–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025408099486
  • Hughes, M. L., Geraci, L., ve De Forrest, R. L. (2013). Aging 5 years in 5 minutes: The effect of taking a memory test on older adults’ subjective age. Psychological Science, 24(12), 2481-2488. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613494853
  • Hughes, M. L., ve Touron, D. R. (2021). Aging in context: Incorporating everyday experiences into the study of subjective age. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 633234. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.633234
  • Infurna, F. J., Gerstorf, D., Robertson, S., Berg, S., ve Zarit, S. H. (2010). The nature and cross-domain correlates of subjective age in the oldest old: Evidence from the OCTO Study. Psychology and Aging, 25(2), 470–476. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017979
  • Kastenbaum, R., Derbin, V., Sabatini, P., ve Artt, S. (1972). “The ages of me”: Toward personal and interpersonal defi nitions of functional aging. Aging and Human Development, 3, 197–211. Kaufman, G., ve Elder, G. H. (2002). Revisiting age identity: A research note. Journal of Aging Studies, 16(2), 169–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0890-4065(02)00042-7
  • Kleinspehn-Ammerlahn, A., Kotter-Grühn, D., ve Smith, J. (2008). Self-perceptions of aging: Do subjective age and satisfaction with aging change during old age?. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 63(6), 377-385. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/63.6.P377
  • Kornadt, A. E., Hess, T. M., Voss, P., ve Rothermund, K. (2018). Subjective age across the life span: A differentiated, longitudinal approach. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 73(5), 767-777. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbw072
  • Kotter-Grühn, D. (2015). Changing Negative Views of Aging: Implications for Intervention and Translational Research. Annual Review Of Gerontology And Geriatrics,Subjective Aging: New Developments And Future Directions (167–187). Springer Publishing Company.
  • Kotter-Grühn, D., ve Hess, T. M. (2012). The impact of age stereotypes on self-perceptions of aging across the adult lifespan. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 67(5), 563-571. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbr153
  • Kotter-Grühn, D., Kleinspehn-Ammerlahn, A., Gerstorf, D., ve Smith, J. (2009). Self-perceptions of aging predict mortality and change with approaching death: 16-year longitudinal results from the Berlin Aging Study. Psychology and Aging, 24(3), 654–667. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016510
  • Kotter-Grühn, D., Kornadt, A. E., ve Stephan, Y. (2016). Looking beyond chronological age: Current knowledge and future directions in the study of subjective age. Gerontology, 62(1), 86-93. https://doi.org/10.1159/000438671
  • Kwak, S., Kim, H., Chey, J., ve Youm, Y. (2018). Feeling how old I am: Subjective age is associated with estimated brain age. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 168. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2018.00168
  • Levy, B. R., Slade, M. D., Kunkel, S. R., ve Kasl, S. V. (2002). Longevity increased by positive self-perceptions of aging. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 261–270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.83.2.261
  • MacDonald, S.W.S., DeCarlo, C.A., ve Dixon, R.A. (2011). Linking biological and cognitive aging: toward improving characterizations of developmental time. The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 66, 59–70. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbr039
  • Macia, E., Duboz, P., Montepare, J. M., ve Gueye, L. (2012). Age identity, self-rated health, and life satisfaction among older adults in Dakar, Senegal. European Journal of Ageing, 9(3), 243-253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-012-0227-7
  • Montepare, J. M. (1996). Actual and subjective age-related differences in women's attitudes toward their bodies across the life span. Journal of Adult Development, 3(3), 171-182.
  • Montepare, J. M. (2009). Subjective age: Toward a guiding lifespan framework. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 33, 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025408095551
  • Montepare, J. M., ve Lachman, M. E. (1989). "You're only as old as you feel": Self-perceptions of age, fears of aging, and life satisfaction from adolescence to old age. Psychology and Aging, 4(1), 73–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.4.1.73
  • Pinquart, M., & Wahl, H.-W. (2021). Subjective age from childhood to advanced old age: A meta-analysis. Psychology and Aging, 36(3), 394–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000600
  • Rubin, D. C., ve Berntsen, D. (2006). People over forty feel 20% younger than their age: Subjective age across the lifespan. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13, 776–780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758?BF03193996
  • Schafer, M. H., ve Shippee, T. P. (2010). Age identity, gender, and perceptions of decline: does feeling older lead to pessimistic dispositions about cognitive aging?. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 65(1), 91-96. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbp046
  • Settersten, R. A. ve Hagestad, G. O. (2015). Subjective Aging and New Complexities of the Life Course. Annual Review Of Gerontology And Geriatrics, Subjective aging: New developments and Future Directions (29-55). Springer Publishing Company.
  • Sneed, J. R., ve Whitbourne, S. K. (2005). Models of the Aging Self. Journal of Social Issues, 61(2), 375–388. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2005.00411.x
  • Soylu, C. (2022). Socio-demographic correlates of subjective age in young and middle-aged adults. Personality and Individual Differences, 197, 111782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2022.111782
  • Spuling, S. M., Miche, M., Wurm, S., ve Wahl, H.-W. (2013). Exploring the causal interplay of subjective age and health dimensions in the second half of life: A cross-lagged panel analysis. Zeitschrift für Gesundheitspsychologie, 21(1), 5–15. https://doi.org/10.1026/0943-8149/a000084
  • Staudinger, U. M. (2015). Images of Aging: Outside and Inside Perspectives. Annual review of gerontology and geriatrics, Vol. 35, 2015: Subjective aging: New developments and future directions (187–211). Springer Publishing Company.
  • Stephan, Y., Caudroit, J., ve Chalabaev, A. (2011). Subjective health and memory self-efficacy as mediators in the relation between subjective age and life satisfaction among older adults. Aging & Mental Health, 15(4), 428-436. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2010.536138
  • Stephan, Y., Caudroit, J., Jaconelli, A., ve Terracciano, A. (2014). Subjective age and cognitive functioning: A 10-year prospective study. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 22(11), 1180-1187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2013.03.007
  • Stephan, Y., Chalabaev, A., Kotter-Grühn, D., ve Jaconelli, A. (2013). "Feeling younger, being stronger": An experimental study of subjective age and physical functioning among older adults. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 68(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbs037
  • Stephan, Y., Demulier, V., ve Terracciano, A. (2012). Personality, self-rated health, and subjective age in a life-span sample: The moderating role of chronological age. Psychology and Aging, 27(4), 875–880. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028301
  • Stephan, Y., Sutin, A. R., Caudroit, J., ve Terracciano, A. (2016a). Subjective age and changes in memory in older adults. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 71(4), 675-683. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbv010
  • Stephan, Y., Sutin, A. R., veTerracciano, A. (2015a). How old do you feel? The role of age discrimination and biological aging in subjective age. PloS One, 10(3), e0119293. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119293
  • Stephan, Y., Sutin, A. R., ve Terracciano, A. (2015b). Subjective age and personality development: A 10‐year study. Journal of Personality, 83(2), 142-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12090
  • Stephan, Y., Sutin, A. R., ve Terracciano, A. (2016). Feeling older and risk of hospitalization: Evidence from three longitudinal cohorts. Health Psychology, 35(6), 634–637. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000335
  • Stephan, Y., Sutin, A. R., ve Terracciano, A. (2019). Subjective age and Cystatin C among older adults. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 74(3), 382–388. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbx124
  • Stephan, Y., Sutin, A. R., & Terracciano, A. (2020). Physical activity and subjective age across adulthood in four samples. European Journal of Ageing, 17, 469-476. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-019-00537-7
  • Teuscher, U. (2009). Subjective age bias: A motivational and information processing approach. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 33(1), 22–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025408099487
  • Uotinen, V., Rantanen, T., ve Suutama, T. (2005). Perceived age as a predictor of old age mortality: A 13-year prospective study. Age and Ageing, 34, 368–372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afi091
  • Weiss, D., ve Lang, F. R. (2012). “They” are old but “I” feel younger: Age-group dissociation as a self-protective strategy in old age. Psychology and Aging, 27, 153–163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0024887
  • Westerhof, G. J., Barrett, A. E., ve Steverink, N. (2003). Forever young? A comparison of age identities in the United States and Germany. Research on Aging, 25(4), 366–383. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027503025004002
  • Westerhof, G. J., Whitbourne, S. K., ve Freeman, G. P. (2012). The aging self in a cultural context: The relation of conceptions of aging to identity processes and self-esteem in the United States and the Netherlands. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 67(1), 52-60. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbr075
  • Westerhof, G. J., Miche, M., Brothers, A. F., Barrett, A. E., Diehl, M., Montepare, J. M., Wahl, H.-W., ve Wurm, S. (2014). The influence of subjective aging on health and longevity: A meta-analysis of longitudinal data. Psychology and Aging, 29(4), 793–802. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038016
  • Westerhof, G. J., ve Wurm, S. (2015). Longitudinal research on subjective aging, health, and longevity: Current evidence and new directions for research. Annual Review Of Gerontology And Geriatrics, Subjective Aging: New Developments And Future Directions (145–165). Springer Publishing Company.
  • Wienert, J., Kuhlmann, T., ve Lippke, S. (2015). Direct effects of a domain-specific subjective age measure on self-reported physical activity—Is it more important how old you are or how old you feel? Health Psychology Report, 3(2), 131–139. https://doi.org/10.5114/hpr.2015.51450
  • Wurm, S., Warner, L. M., Ziegelmann, J. P., Wolff, J. K., ve Schüz, B. (2013). How do negative self-perceptions of aging become a self-fulfilling prophecy? Psychology and Aging, 28(4), 1088–1097. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032845
Toplam 57 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sosyal Gelişim
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Cem Soylu 0000-0002-6250-3450

Proje Numarası Bulunmamaktadır.
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Sayı: 44

Kaynak Göster

APA Soylu, C. (2023). KRONOLOJİK YAŞIN ÖTESİNDE: ÖZNEL YAŞ ÇALIŞMALARININ TARİHİ, TANIMI VE GÜNCEL BULGULAR. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(44), 234-261. https://doi.org/10.14520/adyusbd.1231628