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Conformal monolayer contacts with lossless interfaces for perovskite single junction and monolithic tandem solar cells
Al-Ashouri, Amran; Magomedov, Artiom; Roß, Marcel; Jošt, Marko; Talaikis, Martynas; Chistiakova, Ganna; Bertram, Tobias; Márquez, José A.; Köhnen, Eike; Kasparavičius, Ernestas; Levcenco, Sergiu; Gil-Escrig, Lidón; Hages, Charles J.; Schlatmann, Rutger; Rech, Bernd; Malinauskas, Tadas; Unold, Thomas; Kaufmann, Christian A.; Korte, Lars; Niaura, Gediminas; Getautis, Vytautas; Albrecht, Steve
The rapid rise of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is increasingly limited by the available charge-selective contacts. This work introduces two new hole-selective contacts for p–i–n PSCs that outperform all typical p-contacts in versatility, scalability and PSC power-conversion efficiency (PCE). The molecules are based on carbazole bodies with phosphonic acid anchoring groups and can form self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on various oxides. Besides minimal material consumption and parasitic absorption, the self-assembly process enables conformal coverage of arbitrarily formed oxide surfaces with simple process control. The SAMs are designed to create an energetically aligned interface to the perovskite absorber without non-radiative losses. For three different perovskite compositions, one of which is prepared by co-evaporation, we show dopant-, additive- and interlayer-free PSCs with stabilized PCEs of up to 21.1%. Further, the conformal coverage allows to realize a monolithic CIGSe/perovskite tandem solar cell with as-deposited, rough CIGSe surface and certified efficiency of 23.26% on an active area of 1 cm2. The simplicity and diverse substrate compatibility of the SAMs might help to further progress perovskite photovoltaics towards a low-cost, widely adopted solar technology.
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