Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Simulated dynamics and control of an extractive alcoholic fermentation

  • Published:
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the dynamics of a computer simulation of a continuous alcoholic fermentation process combined with a flash column under vacuum. The alcohol was partially extracted in order to maintain its concentration at about 40 kg/m3 in the fermentor. The mathematical model of the fermentation was developed for industrial conditions and considers the effect of the temperature on the kinetic parameters. The performance of the dynamic matrix control algorithm, single input single output and multiple input multiple output, for the control of the extractive process was studied. The concepts of factorial design were used in a simulation study to determine the best control structures for the process.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

A :

Dynamic matrix in the DMC algorithm

b :

Coefficients in the step-response model

C p :

Heat capacity (J/[kg·K])

D=F/V :

Dilution rate (h−1)

E :

Activation energy (J/mol)

f :

Weighting factor in the DMC algorithm

F :

Feed stream flow rate (m3/h)

F c :

Cell suspension flow from centrifuge (m3/h)

F c1 :

Cell suspension flow to treatment tank (m3/h)

F E :

Light phase flow rate to flash tank (m3/h)

F L :

Liquid outflow from the vaccum flash tank (m3/h)

F LR :

Liquid phase recycling flow rate (m3/h)

F LS :

Liquid phase flow to rectification column (m3/h)

F p :

Purge flow rate (m3/h)

F r :

Cell recycling flow rate (m3/h)

F V :

Vapor outflow from the vacuum flash tank (m3/h)

F w :

Water flow rate (m3/h)

F 0 :

Fresh medium flow rate (m3/h)

I :

Identity matrix

J :

Performance index

K i :

Equilibrium constant

K s :

Substrate saturation constant (kg/m3)

n :

Product inhibition power

NC :

Control horizon in the DMC algorithm

NP :

Prediction horizon in the DMC algorithm

p :

Pressure (Pa)

p sat i :

Vapor pressure (Pa)

P :

Product concentration in the fermentor (kg/m3)

P F :

Product concentration in the feed stream (kg/m3)

P LR :

Product concentration in the light phase from centrifuge (kg/m3)

P max :

Product concentration when cell growth ceases (kg/m3)

P r :

Product concentration in the recycle (kg/m3)

P v :

Product concentration in the vapor phase from flash tank (kg/m3)

r=L LR/F L :

Flash recycle rate

r p :

Kinetic rate of product formation (h−1)

r s :

Kinetic rate of substrate consumption (h−1)

r x :

Kinetic rate of growth (h−1)

R=F r/F :

Cell recycle rate

R G :

Gas constant (8.314 J/[mol·K])

S :

Substrate concentration in the fermentor (kg/m3)

S F :

Substrate concentration in the feed stream (kg/m3)

S LR :

Substrate concentration in the light phase from centrifuge (kg/m3)

S r :

Substrate concentration in the recycle (kg/m3)

S 0 :

Inlet substrate concentration (kg/m3)

T :

Temperature in the fermentor (K)

T F :

Feed stream temperature (K)

T LR :

Light phase temperature (K)

T r :

Recycle temperature (K)

T w :

Water temperature (K)

T 0 :

Inlet temperature of the fresh medium (K)

x Ei :

Component i concentration in the light phase (mol %)

x i :

Component i concentration in the liquid (mol %)

X :

Biomass concentration in the fermentor (kg/m3)

X c :

Cell concentration in the heavy phase from centrifuge (kg/m3)

X E :

Cell concentration in the light phase flow rate to flash tank (kg/m3)

X F :

Cell concentration in the feed stream (kg/m3)

X LR :

Cell concentration in the light phase from centrifuge (kg/m3)

X r :

Cell recycling concentration (kg/m3)

y :

Controlled variable

y i :

Component i concentration in the vapor (mol %)

Y P/S :

Yield constant (kg product/kg substrate)

Y X/S :

Yield constant (kg cell/kg substrate)

Z :

Constant (s−1)

γ i :

Activity coefficient of Component i

ΔH :

Reaction heat (J/kg)

Δm :

Variation in the manipulated variable

Δmax :

Maximum specific growth rate (h−1)

σ:

Density (kg/m3)

References

  1. Ramalingham, A. and Finn, R. K. (1977), Biotechnol. Bioeng. 19, 583–589.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Cysewski, G. R. and Wilke, C. R. (1977), Biotechnol. Bioeng. 19, 1125–1143.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Christen, M., Minier, M., and Renon, H. (1990), Biotechnol. Bioeng. 36, 116–123.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Minier, M. and Goma, G. (1982), Biotechnol. Bioeng. 24, 1565–1579.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Sourirajan, S. (1987), Membrane 12, 367–369.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ishida, K. and Shimizu, K. (1996), J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 66, 340–346.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Maiorella, B. L., Blanch, H. W., and Wilke, C. R. (1984), Biotechnol. Bioeng. 26, 1003–1025.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Taylor, F., Kurantz, M. J., Goldberg, N., and Craig, J. C. (1998), Biotechnol. Lett. 20, 67–72.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Silva, F. L. H., Rodrigues, M. I., and Maugeri Filho, F. (1999), J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 74, 176–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Andrietta, S. R. (1994), DSc thesis, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.

  11. Andrietta, S. R. and Maugeri, F. (1996), in Advances in Bioprocess Engineering, vol. 1, Galindo, E. and Ramirez, O. T., eds., Kluwer Academic, The Netherlands, pp. 47–52.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Alves, J. G. L. F. (1996), DSc thesis, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.

  13. Box, G. E. P., Hunter, W. G., and Hunter, J. S. (1978), Statisties for Experimenters, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Cutler, C. R. and Ramaker, B. L. (1980), Proc. Joint Auto Control Conf., Paper WP5-B, San Francisco.

  15. Luyben, W. L. (1989), Process Modeling, Simulation and Control for Chemical Engineers, 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Dechechi, E. C. (1998), DSc thesis, Faculdade de Engenharia Química, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. DPQ/FEQ/UNICAMP, Cx., Postal 6066, 13081-970, Campinas, SP, Brasil

    Aline C. Costa, Eduardo C. Dechechi & Rubens Maciel

  2. DEQ/CCT/UFPB, Cx. Postal 10057, 59109-970, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil

    Flávio L. H. Silva

  3. DEA/FEA/UNICAMP, Cx. Postal 6121, 13081-970, Campinas, SP, Brasil

    Francisco Maugeri

Authors
  1. Aline C. Costa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Eduardo C. Dechechi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Flávio L. H. Silva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Francisco Maugeri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Rubens Maciel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Aline C. Costa.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Costa, A.C., Dechechi, E.C., Silva, F.L.H. et al. Simulated dynamics and control of an extractive alcoholic fermentation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 84, 577–593 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:84-86:1-9:577

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:84-86:1-9:577

Index Entries

Search

Navigation