Skip to main content

A Poly(A) Tail-Responsive In Vitro System for Cap- or IRES-Driven Translation From HeLa Cells

  • Protocol
Book cover mRNA Processing and Metabolism

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology™ ((MIMB,volume 257))

Abstract

In cells, the poly(A) tail stimulates translation from messenger RNAs bearing a cap structure or viral IRES elements. This 3′ end-mediated stimulation of translation is not reflected in commonly used commercial cell-free translation systems prepared from rabbit reticulocytes or wheat germ. We describe a simple procedure to generate poly(A) tail-responsive translation extracts from HeLa cells. We suggest that this procedure should be adaptable to many animal cell lines.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Gallie, D. R. (1991) The cap and poly(A) tail function synergistically to regulate mRNA translational efficiency. Genes Dev. 5, 2108–2116.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Tarun, S. Z. Jr and Sachs, A. B. (1995) A common function for mRNA 5′ and 3′ ends in translation initiation in yeast. Genes Dev. 9, 2997–3007.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Sachs, A. B., Sarnow, P., and Hentze M. W. (1997) Starting at the beginning, middle, and end: translation initiation in eukaryotes. Cell 89, 831–838.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Preiss, T. and Hentze, M. W. (1998) Dual function of the messenger RNA cap structure in poly(A)-tail-promoted translation in yeast. Nature 392, 516–520.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Tarun, S. Z. Jr and Sachs, A. B. (1996) Association of the yeast poly(A) tail binding protein with translation initiation factor eIF-4G. EMBO J. 15, 7168–77.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Le, H., Tanguay, R. L., Balasta, M. L., Wie, C. C., Browning, K. S., Metz, A. M., Goss, D. J., and Gallie, D. R. (1997) Translation initiation factors eIF-iso4G and eIF-4B interact with the poly(A)-binding protein and increase its RNA binding activity. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 16247–16255.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Imataka, H., Gradi, A., and Sonenberg, N. (1998) A newly identified N-terminal amino acid sequence of human eIF4G binds poly(A)-binding protein and functions in poly(A)-dependent translation. EMBO J. 17, 7480–7489

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Pelletier, J. and Sonenberg, N. (1988) Internal initiation of translation of eukaryotic mRNA directed by a sequence derived from poliovirus RNA. Nature 334, 320–325.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Jang, S. K., Krausslich, H. G., Nicklin, M. J., Duke, G. M., Palmenberg, A. C., and Wimmer, E. (1988) A segment of the 5′ nontranslated region of encephalomyocarditis virus RNA directs internal entry of ribosomes during in vitro translation. J. Virol. 62, 2636–2643.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Kaminski, A., Howell, M. T., and Jackson, R. J. (1990) Initiation of encephalomyocarditis virus RNA translation: the authentic initiation site is not selected by a scanning mechanism. EMBO J. 9, 3753–3759.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Kaminski, A., Belsham, G. J., and Jackson, R. J. (1994) Translation of encephalomyocarditis virus RNA: parameters influencing the selection of the internal initiation site. EMBO J. 13, 1673–1681.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Macejak, D. G. and Sarnow, P. (1991) Internal initiation of translation mediated by the 5′ leader of a cellular mRNA. Nature 353, 90–94.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Michel, Y. M., Poncet, D., Piron, M., Kean, K. M., and Borman, A. M. (2000) Cap-Poly(A) synergy in mammalian cell-free extracts. Investigation of the requirements for poly(A)-mediated stimulation of translation initiation. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 32,268–32,276.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Bergamini, G., Preiss, T., and Hentze, M. W. (2000) Picornavirus IRESes and the poly(A) tail jointly promote cap-independent translation in a mammalian cell-free system. RNA 6, 1781–1790.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Svitkin, Y. V., Imataka, H., Khaleghpour, K., Kahvejian, A., Liebig, H. D., and Sonenberg, N. (2001) Poly(A)-binding protein interaction with elF4G stimulates picornavirus IRES-dependent translation. RNA 7, 1743–1752.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Jackson, R. J. and Hunt, T. (1983) Preparation and use of nuclease-treated rabbit reticulocyte lysates for the translation of eukaryotic messenger RNA. Meth. Enzymol. 96, 50–74.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Both, G. W., Banerjee, A. K., and Shatkin, A. J. (1975) Methylation-dependent translation of viral messenger RNAs in vitro. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72, 1189–1193.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Iizuka, N., Najita, L., Franzusoff, A., and Sarnow, P. (1994) Cap-dependent and cap-independent translation by internal initiation of mRNAs in cell extracts prepared from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell Biol. 14, 7322–7330.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Gebauer, F., Corona, D. F., Preiss, T., Becker, P. B., and Hentze, M. W. (1999) Translational control of dosage compensation in Drosophila by Sex-lethal: cooperative silencing via the 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions of msl-2 mRNA is independent of the poly(A) tail. EMBO J. 18, 6146–6154.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Stripecke, R. and Hentze, M. W. (1992) Bacteriophage and spliceosomal proteins function as position-dependent cis/trans repressors of mRNA translation in vitro. Nucleic Acids Res. 20, 5555–5564.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2004 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Thoma, C., Ostareck-Lederer, A., Hentze, M.W. (2004). A Poly(A) Tail-Responsive In Vitro System for Cap- or IRES-Driven Translation From HeLa Cells. In: Schoenberg, D.R. (eds) mRNA Processing and Metabolism. Methods in Molecular Biology™, vol 257. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-750-5:171

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-750-5:171

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-225-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-750-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics