Abstract
The mucosal surface area of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary and respiratory tracts is more than 200 times greater than that of the skin and is the primary site of transmission of numerous diseases. The entry of pathogenic organisms at mucosal surfaces can be prevented by mucosal, but not systemic immunity. Vaccines which are delivered by intramuscular (IM) or subcutaneous (SC) injection induce strong systemic responses but generally no mucosal immunity. In contrast, vaccines delivered at mucosal surfaces trigger both mucosal (at local and distant sites) and systemic responses (1,2). Other advantages of mucosal immunization include a broader age range of recipients, the vaccines are easy and non-invasive to administer and there is no risk of needle stick injury and cross contamination (3).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Mestecky, J. and McGhee, J. R. (1992) Prospects for human mucosal vaccines, in Genetically Engineered Vaccines (Ciardi, J. E., ed.) Plenum Press, New York, pp. 13ā23.
Gallichan, W. S. and Rosenthal, K. L. (1995) Specific secretory immune responses in the female genital tract following intranasal immunization with a recombinant adenovirus expressing glycoprotein B of herpes simplex virus. Vaccine 13, 1589ā1595.
OāHagan, D. T. (1994) Oral immunization and the common mucosal immune system, in Novel Delivery Systems for Oral Vaccines (OāHagan, D. T., ed.) CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 1ā24.
Fynan, E. F., Webster, R. G., Fuller, D. H., Haynes, J. R., Santoro, J. C., and Robinson, H. L. (1993) DNA vaccines: protective immunizations by parenteral, mucosal, and gene-gun inoculations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 11,478ā11,482.
Kuklin, N., Daheshia, M., Karem, K., Manickan, E., and Rouse, B. T. (1997) Induction of mucosal immunity against Herpes simples virus by plasmid DNA immunization. J. Virol. 71, 3138ā3145.
Oudrhiri, N., Vigneron, J.-P., Peuchmaur, M., Leclerc, T., Lehn, J. M., and Lehn, P. (1997) Gene transfer by guanidinium-cholesterol cationic lipids into airway epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 1651ā1656.
Hazinski, T. A., Ladd, P. A., and DeMatteo, C. A. (1991) Localization and induced expression of fusion genes in the rat lung. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 4, 206ā209.
Stribling, R., Brunette, E., Liggitt, D., Gaensler, K., and Debs, R. (1992) Aerosol gene delivery in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 11,277ā11,281.
Yoshimura, K., Rosenfeld, M., Nakamura, H., Scherer, E., Pavirani, A., Lecocq, J.-P., and Crystal, R. (1992) Expression of the human cystic fibrosis transmem-brane conductance regulator gene in the mouse lung after in vivo intratracheal plasmid-mediated gene transfer. Nuc. Acids Res. 20, 3233ā3240.
Wheeler, C. J., Felgner, P., Tsai, Y. J., Marshall, J., Sukhu, L., Doh, S., Hartikka, J., Nietupski, J., Manthorpe, M., Nichols, M., Plewe, M., Liang, X., Norman, J., Smith, A., and Cheng, S. (1996) A novel cationic lipid greatly enhances plasmid DNA delivery and expression in mouse lung. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 11,454ā11,459.
Felgner, P. L., Tsai, Y. J., Sukhu, L., Wheeler, C. J., Manthorpe, M., Marshall, J., and Cheng, S. H. (1995) Improved cationic lipid formulations for in vivo gene therapy. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 772, 126ā139.
Tsan, M.-F., White, J. E., and Shepard, B. (1995) Lung-specific direct in vivo gene transfer with recombinant plasmid DNA. Am. J. Physiol. 268, L1052āL1056.
Meyer, K., Thompson, M., Levy, M., Barron, L., and Szoka, F. J. (1995) Intratracheal gene delivery to the mouse airway: characterization of plasmid DNA expression and pharmacokinetics. Gene Therapy 2, 450ā460.
McCluskie, M. J., Chu, Y., Xia, J. L., Jessee, J., Gebyehu, G., and Davis, H. L. (1998) Direct gene transfer to the respiratory tract of mice with pure plasmid and lipid-formulated DNA. Antisense Nucleic Acid Drug Dev. 8, 401ā414.
Davis, H. L., Schleef, M., Moritz, P., Mancini, M., Schorr, J., and Whalen, R. G. (1996) Comparison of plasmid DNA preparation methods for direct gene transfer and genetic immunization. Biotechniques 21, 92ā99.
Li, X.-M., Chopra, R. K., Chou, T.-Y., Schofield, B. H., Wills-Karp, M., and Huang, S-K., H. (1996) Mucosal IFN-gamma gene transfer inhibits pulmonary allergic responses in mice. J. Immunol. 157, 3216ā3219.
Alton, E. W. F. W., Middleton, P. G., Caplen, N. J., Smith, S. N., Steel, D. M., Munkonge, F. M., et al. (1993) Non-invasive liposome-mediated gene delivery can correct the ion transport defect in cystic fibrosis mutant mice. Nature Genetics 5, 135ā142.
Gallichan, W. S. and Rosenthal, K. L. (1996) Effects of the estrous cycle on local humoral immune responses and protection of intranasally immunized female mice against herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in the genital tract. Virology 224, 487ā497.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
Ā© 2000 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
McCluskie, M.J., Davis, H.L. (2000). Mucosal Immunization with DNA Vaccines. In: Lowrie, D.B., Whalen, R.G. (eds) DNA Vaccines. Methods in Molecular Medicineā¢, vol 29. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-688-6:287
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-688-6:287
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-580-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-688-1
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols