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ORIGINAL RESEARCHNUTRITIONLow Dietary Nutrient Intakes and Respiratory Health in Adolescents
Section snippets
Study Population
Twelfth-grade students in 13 communities in the United States (Oak Ridge, TN; Blacksburg, VA; Charlottesville, VA; Zanesville, OH; Uniontown, PA; State College, PA; Elkins, WV; Monterey, CA; Aberdeen, SD) and Canada (Leamington, ON; Egbert, ON; Yorktown, SK; Penticton, BC) were recruited and tested during the 1998 to 1999 school year. Dietary questionnaires were not distributed in Penticton, BC, which limited the dietary analyses to 12 communities.
Parental permission and student consent were
Sample Characteristics
There were 5,413 adolescents who were eligible to participate, 4,355 of whom (80%) completed respiratory questionnaires (Fig 1). We excluded adolescents who reported a history of a chest operation, heart disease, or a debilitating health condition that limited their physical activity (n = 64), those with age outside the range of 16 to 19 years (n = 22), and those missing information on covariates of interest (n = 280), leaving 3,989 adolescents. Among these respiratory questionnaire
Discussion
Most of the adolescents in this cohort had dietary intakes of fruit, vegetables, vitamins, and n-3 fatty acids below the recommended levels. Low dietary intakes of fruit, vitamins C and E, and n-3 fatty acids were associated with lower pulmonary function and increased odds of reported respiratory symptoms, especially chronic bronchitic symptoms and wheeze among smokers.
Low dietary fruit intake was associated with lower pulmonary function and higher reported chronic bronchitic symptoms and
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Dietary intake of fish and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and physician-diagnosed allergy in Japanese population: The Japan Environment and Children's Study
2019, NutritionCitation Excerpt :As for differences in sample size, those studies found that increased risk was clearly larger—>20 000 [13,14] versus 1000 to 2000 individuals [7–12]—indicating that increased risk did not occur by chance because of a small sample size. Considering cross-sectional studies conducted in Western countries that involve >1000 participants, one study showed a beneficial effect of ω-3 PUFAs [29] and four others showed no such benefit [30–33]; none of the five studies showed a negative effect (increased risk) from fish or ω-3 PUFA intake [29–33]. Outside of Japan, only one study has been conducted in an Asian country where fish consumption is high, namely Taiwan.
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This work was performed at the Harvard School of Public Health.
This document has been subjected to review by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
The Teen Lung Study was funded by a grant from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES08391 and ES00002). The analysis of dietary impacts was supported in part by a contract from Health Canada. Dr. Burns was supported by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute training grant HL07427 and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences training grant 32-ES007 069-25#.
The authors have no commercial or financial interests, or other conflicts of interest related to the substance of this article.