Improved ozone DIAL retrievals in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere using an optimal estimation method

Ghazal Farhani; Robert J. Sica; Sophie Godin-Beekmann; Gèrard Ancellet; Alexander Haefele

doi:10.1364/AO.58.001374

Applied Optics
Vol. 58,
Issue 6,
pp. 1374-1385
(2019)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.58.001374

Improved ozone DIAL retrievals in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere using an optimal estimation method

Ghazal Farhani, Robert J. Sica, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Gèrard Ancellet, and Alexander Haefele

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Ghazal Farhani, Robert J. Sica, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Gèrard Ancellet, and Alexander Haefele, "Improved ozone DIAL retrievals in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere using an optimal estimation method," Appl. Opt. 58, 1374-1385 (2019)

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Abstract

We have implemented a first-principle optimal estimation method to retrieve ozone density profiles using simultaneously tropospheric and stratospheric differential absorption lidar (DIAL) measurements. Our retrieval extends from 2.5 km to about 42 km in altitude, and in the upper troposphere and the lower stratosphere (UTLS) it shows a significant improvement in the overlapping region, where the optimal estimation method (OEM) can retrieve a single ozone profile consistent with the measurements from both lidars. Here stratospheric and tropospheric measurements from the Observatoire de Haute Provence are used, and the OEM retrievals in the UTLS region compared with coincident ozonesonde measurements. The retrieved ozone profiles have a small statistical uncertainty in the UTLS region relative to individual determinations of ozone from each lidar, and the maximum statistical uncertainty does not exceed a maximum of 7%.

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Parameter	Value	Standard Deviation
Stratospheric lidar measurements	Measured	Poisson statistics
Tropospheric lidar measurements (digital channels)	Measured	Poisson statistics
Tropospheric lidar measurements (analog channels)	Measured	Three-point running standard deviation
Retrieved quantities	a priori profiles	Standard deviation
Ozone density	U.S standard model	20%
Air density	MSIS	20%
Deadtime	Empirical fitting	20%
Background for stratospheric measurements (“off-line”)	Mean above 80 km	$σ$ above 80 km
Coefficients of SIN for stratospheric measurements (“on-line”)	Empirical fitting above 80 km	20%
Background for tropospheric measurements (“off-line”) digital channel	Mean above 20 km	$σ$ above 20 km
Background for tropospheric measurements (“off-line and “on-line”) analog channel	Mean above 12 km	$σ$ above 12 km
Coefficients of SIN for tropospheric measurements (“on-line”) digital channel	Empirical fitting above 12 km	20%
Lidar constants	Estimate from FM	20%
Forward model parameters	Sources	Standard deviation
Rayleigh-scatter cross section	Eberhard [34]	2%
Ozone absorption cross section	BDM [35]	2%
Overlap function	Available at dataset citation [42]	10%

Dates	12 July 2017	14 July 2017	26 July 2017
Tropospheric lidar	2049–2357	2350–0219	2140–2237
Stratospheric lidar	2106–0142	2151–0221	2007–0016
Ozone sonde	2153	2348	2133

Parameter	Value	Standard Deviation
Stratospheric lidar measurements	Measured	Poisson statistics
Tropospheric lidar measurements (digital channels)	Measured	Poisson statistics
Tropospheric lidar measurements (analog channels)	Measured	Three-point running standard deviation
Retrieved quantities	a priori profiles	Standard deviation
Ozone density	U.S standard model	20%
Air density	MSIS	20%
Deadtime	Empirical fitting	20%
Background for stratospheric measurements (“off-line”)	Mean above 80 km	$σ$ above 80 km
Coefficients of SIN for stratospheric measurements (“on-line”)	Empirical fitting above 80 km	20%
Background for tropospheric measurements (“off-line”) digital channel	Mean above 20 km	$σ$ above 20 km
Background for tropospheric measurements (“off-line and “on-line”) analog channel	Mean above 12 km	$σ$ above 12 km
Coefficients of SIN for tropospheric measurements (“on-line”) digital channel	Empirical fitting above 12 km	20%
Lidar constants	Estimate from FM	20%
Forward model parameters	Sources	Standard deviation
Rayleigh-scatter cross section	Eberhard [34]	2%
Ozone absorption cross section	BDM [35]	2%
Overlap function	Available at dataset citation [42]	10%

Dates	12 July 2017	14 July 2017	26 July 2017
Tropospheric lidar	2049–2357	2350–0219	2140–2237
Stratospheric lidar	2106–0142	2151–0221	2007–0016
Ozone sonde	2153	2348	2133

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Applied Optics