Detection of atmospheric temperature by using polarization high-spectral-resolution lidar

Jun Wang; Jingzhe Pang; Ning Chen; Wanlin Zhang; Jingjing Liu; Li Wang; Qing Yan; Dengxin Hua

doi:10.1364/AO.412676

Applied Optics
Vol. 60,
Issue 8,
pp. 2109-2117
(2021)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.412676

Detection of atmospheric temperature by using polarization high-spectral-resolution lidar

Jun Wang, Jingzhe Pang, Ning Chen, Wanlin Zhang, Jingjing Liu, Li Wang, Qing Yan, and Dengxin Hua

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Jun Wang, Jingzhe Pang, Ning Chen, Wanlin Zhang, Jingjing Liu, Li Wang, Qing Yan, and Dengxin Hua, "Detection of atmospheric temperature by using polarization high-spectral-resolution lidar," Appl. Opt. 60, 2109-2117 (2021)

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Abstract

In order to achieve high signal-to-noise ratio by using small laser energy and telescope aperture, we present a polarization filter in high-spectral-resolution lidar (HSRL) for the measurement of atmospheric temperature. Compared with the filter method in a traditional HSRL in which the intensity of the return signal is split into the different transmission channel of a discriminator, the advantage of this filter system is that the intensity of the return signal is fully utilized for each discriminator channel, and the return signal changes the polarization state of the light without loss of intensity when it is incident on the two Rayleigh channels. In addition, the daytime detection capability of HSRL is improved by using a polarization optical scheme to suppress the solar background light. The advantages of the polarization filter are proven by the theoretical calculations using the Stokes vector and a Mueller matrix. In detection experiments of atmospheric temperature, the detection height is 4 km at night and 2.5 km during the day by using the pulsed energy of 50 mJ and telescope diameter of 250 mm. The results are in good agreement with the data detected by radiosonde.

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	Item	Value
Emitter and receiver system	Laser wavelength	354.7 nm
	Pulsed energy	50 mJ
	Repetition frequency	10 Hz
	Spectral linewidth	90 MHz
	Diameter of telescope	250 mm
	Field angle	0.1 mrad
Filter system	Polarization beam splitter	$T_{p} > 97 %$ , $T_{s} < 1 %$ $R_{s} > 99.5 %$ , $R_{p} < 5 %$ Transmission extinction ratio: 1000:1
Filter system	Quater-wave plate	Precision of phase delay $< λ / 100$
Detector	PMTs	Hamamatsu R7056
Detector	Quantum efficiency	0.23 at 355 nm

Item	Parameters
FPE filter	${F P E}_{1}$	${F P E}_{2}$	${F P E}_{3}$
Frequency shift	0 GHz	$+ 2.7 G H z$	$+ 1.25 G H z$
FWHM	340 MHz	340 MHz	340 MHz
Mie rejection	/	$4 \cdot 10^{- 7}$	$1 \cdot 10^{- 5}$
Rayleigh transmittances	/	1.5%	4%
Temperature sensitivity	/	–0.011%/K	0.038%/K
Set temperature	309.5 K	313 K	311.2 K
FSR	10 GHz
$T_{p e a k}$	0.6

	Item	Value
Emitter and receiver system	Laser wavelength	354.7 nm
	Pulsed energy	50 mJ
	Repetition frequency	10 Hz
	Spectral linewidth	90 MHz
	Diameter of telescope	250 mm
	Field angle	0.1 mrad
Filter system	Polarization beam splitter	$T_{p} > 97 %$ , $T_{s} < 1 %$ $R_{s} > 99.5 %$ , $R_{p} < 5 %$ Transmission extinction ratio: 1000:1
Filter system	Quater-wave plate	Precision of phase delay $< λ / 100$
Detector	PMTs	Hamamatsu R7056
Detector	Quantum efficiency	0.23 at 355 nm

Item	Parameters
FPE filter	${F P E}_{1}$	${F P E}_{2}$	${F P E}_{3}$
Frequency shift	0 GHz	$+ 2.7 G H z$	$+ 1.25 G H z$
FWHM	340 MHz	340 MHz	340 MHz
Mie rejection	/	$4 \cdot 10^{- 7}$	$1 \cdot 10^{- 5}$
Rayleigh transmittances	/	1.5%	4%
Temperature sensitivity	/	–0.011%/K	0.038%/K
Set temperature	309.5 K	313 K	311.2 K
FSR	10 GHz
$T_{p e a k}$	0.6

Abstract

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Applied Optics